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Tanzania is a politically stable, much aided country that has consistently grown economically during the first decade of the millennium, while also improving its human development indicators. However, poverty has remained persistent, particularly within rural areas. This collaborative work delves into the reasons why this is so and what can be done to improve the record. The book is the product of both Tanzanian and international poverty experts, based on largely qualitative research undertaken within Tanzania by the Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC).
Business. --- Income. --- Poverty. --- Economic development --- Poverty --- Poor --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic conditions --- E-books --- Persons --- Social classes --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Tanzania --- Economic conditions.
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An edited compilation of articles that focus on using financial engineering - a multidisciplinary field that uses technical methods from the fields of finance, mathematics and economics - to design financial services for low-income households. The book aims to provide an understanding of the various risk-reward trade-offs facing low-income households and how principles of financial engineering can be best applied to understand and manage the complete suite of financial and non-financial assets, including human capital, insurance, annuities and loans.
Financial services industry --- Poor --- Financial engineering --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Finance - General --- Social aspects --- Finance, Personal --- Financial engineering. --- Social aspects. --- Finance, Personal. --- Computational finance --- Engineering, Financial --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Services, Financial --- Economic conditions --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Service industries --- E-books
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The New Microfinance Handbook takes a market systems approach to financial inclusion, oriented by client needs. Framing the book with the client as the central element recognizes the emerging awareness that financial needs of the poor are many and are provided by multiple market players beyond the scope of any single institutional form. The book explores the fundamentals of this expanded view through examining client needs (demand), products and providers (supply), and the support systems required to increase financial access to the poor with a focus on operational support, rules and regulatio
Microfinance. --- Financial institutions. --- Poor --- Finance, Personal. --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Micro-finance --- Microcredit --- Microenterprise lending --- Microlending --- Economic conditions --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Financial services industry --- Small business --- Finance
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In the 1880's, social reform leaders warned that the ""unworthy"" poor were taking charitable relief intended for the truly deserving. Armed with statistics and confused notions of evolution, these ""scientific charity"" reformers founded organizations intent on limiting access to relief by the most morally, biologically, and economically unfit. Brent Ruswick examines a prominent national organization for scientific social reform and poor relief in Indianapolis in order to understand how these new theories of poverty gave birth to new programs to assist the poor.
Poverty --- Nature and nurture --- Charities --- Poor --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Environment --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- History. --- Services for --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on --- Economic conditions --- Environment and genetics --- Environment and heredity
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An inside look at police discretionary actions and their consequences for poor communities
Police --- Minorities. --- Poor. --- Police-community relations. --- Police discretion. --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Public relations --- Discretion, Police --- Administrative discretion --- Economic conditions
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In this book, anthropologist Erin Taylor explores how residents of a squatter settlement in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, use their material resources creatively to solve everyday problems and, over a few decades, radically transform the community. Their struggles show how these everyday engagements with materiality, rather than more dramatic efforts, generate social change and build futures.
Poor --- Material culture --- Squatter settlements --- Poverty --- Social values --- Values --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Informal settlements (Squatter settlements) --- Irregular settlements --- Settlements, Spontaneous --- Settlements, Squatter --- Shack towns --- Shanty towns --- Shantytowns --- Spontaneous settlements --- Uncontrolled settlements --- Cities and towns --- Slums --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions
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In this pioneering study Vivienne Richmond reveals the importance of dress to the nineteenth-century English poor, who valued clothing not only for its practical utility, but also as a central element in the creation and assertion of collective and individual identities. During this period of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation formal dress codes, corporate and institutional uniforms and the spread of urban fashions replaced the informal dress of agricultural England. This laid the foundations of modern popular dress and generated fears about the visual blurring of social boundaries as new modes of manufacturing and retailing expanded the wardrobes of the majority. But a significant impoverished minority remained outside this process. Clothed by diminishing parish assistance, expanding paternalistic charity and the second-hand trade, they formed a 'sartorial underclass' whose material deprivation and visual distinction was a cause of physical discomfort and psychological trauma.
Clothing and dress --- Poor --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Apparel --- Clothes --- Clothing --- Clothing and dress, Primitive --- Dress --- Dressing (Clothing) --- Garments --- Beauty, Personal --- Manners and customs --- Fashion --- Undressing --- History --- Economic conditions --- England --- Social conditions --- Arts and Humanities --- Beauty and Fashion
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Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women's shelters. Nicholas Terpstra shows that gender was the key factor driving innovation. Most of the recipients of charity were women. The most creative new plans focused on features of women's poverty like illegitimate births, hunger, unemployment, and domestic violence. Signal features of the reforms, from forced labor to new instruments of saving and lending, were devised specifically to help young women get a start in life. Cultures of Charity is the first book to see women's poverty as the key factor driving changes to poor relief. These changes generated intense political debates as proponents of republican democracy challenged more elitist and authoritarian forms of government emerging at the time. Should taxes fund poor relief? Could forced labor help build local industry? Focusing on Bologna, Terpstra looks at how these fights around politics and gender generated pioneering forms of poor relief, including early examples of maternity benefits, unemployment insurance, food stamps, and credit union savings plans.
Charities --- Poor --- Women --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social service --- Endowments --- History. --- Economic conditions --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Bologna (Italy) --- Bononia (Italy) --- Bologne (Italy) --- Bolonia (Italy) --- Bononia Pinguis (Italy) --- Felsina (Italy) --- Social conditions.
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Public Space in Informal Settlements: The Barrios of Bogotá contributes to the debate on informal settlements by viewing them as an opportunity to understand different ways of seeing and thinking about the city. Public spaces in informal settlements, like the housing stock, are to a large extent the product of local self-help and self-managed processes; however, the equivalent level of understanding has not been achieved, partly because such settlements are often seen as spare spaces with lit...
Poverty --- Poor --- Slums --- Slum clearance --- Housing --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Economic conditions --- Housing rehabilitation --- Public housing --- Sustainable urban development --- Environmentally sustainable urban development --- City planning --- Sustainable development --- Government housing projects --- Social housing --- Low-income housing --- Buildings --- Housing policy --- Urban renewal --- Management --- Tenant participation --- Repair and reconstruction --- E-books
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While the welfare functions of the workhouse have been well researched, its medical services have been comparatively neglected. Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and despite much administrative reform, workhouse medicine remained central to the medical experiences of the poor. Workhouse beds in Britain, for example, far outnumbered beds provided by charitable hospitals, which have often been the subject of historical study, and, by the 1830s, most parishes possessed their own workhouses. A high percentage of entries to workhouses consisted of the sick of all ages. In those communities where the elderly comprised the majority of workhouse inmates, most required medical relief. Perhaps inevitably, the position of workhouse doctor, or medical officer, became progressively more central to the management of these institutions, though we know very little about these overworked and undervalued practitioners. Historians of welfare, the English poor laws, and medicine have been aware of the importance of workhouse-based medical relief in the past, but the topic has not bee studied in depth. This is the first book to examine the history of the medical services provided by these welfare institutions, both in Britain and its former colonies, over the period covered by the Old and New Poor Laws. Jonathan Reinarz is Director of the History of Medicine Unit at the University of Birmingham, UK. He has published extensively on the history of English medical institutions, 1750-1950. Leonard Schwarz has recently retired as a Reader in Urban History at the University of Birmingham, where he founded the Birmingham Eighteenth Century Centre.
Workhouses. --- Poor --- Workhouses --- Charities, Medical --- Penal institutions --- Correctional institutions --- Prisons --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Medical care. --- Medical care --- History. --- Health and hygiene --- Economic conditions --- Biopsychosocial Approach. --- British Poor Laws. --- Compassion. --- Eighteenth Century. --- Elderly. --- History of Medicine. --- Humanism. --- Infirm. --- Medical Services. --- Nineteenth Century. --- Patient-Physician Communication. --- Poor. --- Professionalism. --- University of Rochester Medical Center.
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