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In Peptide Modifications to Increase Metabolic Stability and Activity, expert researchers in the field provide summarized methods for preparation, purification of modified peptides, and assessment of their biochemical activities. These methods and protocols include preparation of conformationally constrained peptides, modification of peptide bonds, introduction of nonproteinogenic amino acids, and alteration of peptides’ physical and biological properties by modification of the amino acid side chains and/or terminal residues. With additional chapter that describes new experimental approach for the detection of exogenous peptides within living cells using peptides labeled with heavy isotopes and confocal Raman microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Authoritative and practical, Peptide Modifications to Increase Metabolic Stability and Activity seeks to provide scientists with alternative approaches to peptide modification that many researchers may find applicable to their specific research requirements.

Biochemistry. --- Nucleic acids. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition

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In this PhD thesis, Yue Yanan addresses a long-overlooked and critical question in the development of non-viral vectors for gene delivery. The author determines that those uncomplexed and cationic polymer chains free in the solution mixture of polymer and DNA facilitate and promote gene transfection. Furthermore, by using a combination of synthetic chemistry, polymer physics and molecular biology, Yue confirms that it is those cationic polymer chains free in the solution mixture, rather than those bound to DNA chains, that play a decisive role in intracellular trafficking. Instead of the previously proposed and widely accepted “proton sponge” model, the author's group propose a new hypothesis based on the results of several well-designed and decisive experiments. These results show that free polycationic chains with a length of more than ~10 nm are able to partially block the fusion between different endocytic vesicles, including the endocytic-vesicle-to-endolysosome pathway. This thesis is highly original and its results greatly deepen our understanding of polymer-mediated gene transfection. More importantly, it provides new insights into the rational design of next-generation superior polymeric gene-delivery vectors.

Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Organic Chemistry --- Addition polymerization. --- Anionic polymerization --- Cationic polymerization --- Chain addition polymerization --- Free-radical polymerization --- Ionic polymerization --- Chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Polymers. --- Nucleic acids. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Polymerization --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Organic chemistry --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Polymers  .

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DNA nanotechnology: From structure to function presents an overview of various facets of DNA nanotechnology, with a particular focus on their promising applications. This book is composed of three parts. Part I, Elements of DNA Nanotechnology, provides extensive basic information on DNA nanotechnology. Part II, Static and Dynamic DNA Nanotechnology, describes the design and fabrication of static and dynamic DNA nanostructures. Recent advances in DNA origami, DNA walkers and DNA nanodevices are all covered in this part. Part III, Applications of DNA Nanotechnology, introduces a variety of applications of DNA nanotechnology, including biosensing, computation, drug delivery, etc. Together these provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging area and its broad impact on biological and medical sciences. This book is intended for post-graduates, post-doctoral researchers and research scientists who are interested in expanding their knowledge of DNA nanotechnology. It provides readers an impression of the latest developments in this exciting filed.

Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Technology - General --- Biotechnology. --- DNA. --- Genetic engineering. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Deoxyribonucleic acid --- Desoxyribonucleic acid --- Thymonucleic acid --- TNA (Nucleic acid) --- Materials science. --- Nucleic acids. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Nanotechnology. --- Materials Science. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Deoxyribose --- Nucleic acids --- Genes --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science

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Molecular Beacons explains working principle of molecular beacons, discusses their design, synthesis, purification and characterization, explores their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, and more importantly, reviews their in vivo and in vitro applications with the emphasis on the design and modification of molecular beacons for in vivo mRNA imaging applications. This book is designed to bring together in a single resource an organized and comprehensive view of molecular beacons and will be a valuable resource for academic, clinical and industrial scientists and graduate students who may consider exploring molecular beacons in their research or practice. Chaoyong James Yang is the Lu Jiaxi Professor of Chemistry at Xiamen University, China. Weihong Tan is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering at Hunan University, China and also a University of Florida Distinguished Professor and V. T. and Louis Jackson Professor of Chemistry at the University of Florida, USA.

Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Bioengineering --- Molecular biology. --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Chemistry. --- Gene expression. --- Analytical chemistry. --- Biotechnology. --- Nucleic acids. --- Cell biology. --- Gene Expression. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Analytical Chemistry. --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cytology. --- Analytical biochemistry. --- Analytic biochemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Polynucleotides --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Expression --- Bioanalytic chemistry --- Bioanalytical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry --- Molecular probes. --- Nucleic acid probes.

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Structured RNAs are everywhere, functioning throughout gene expression with key roles ranging from catalysis to regulation. New functional RNAs are being discovered all the time; in fact, it is now clear that a much greater fraction of eukaryotic genomes is devoted to coding for RNA than protein. Many of these RNAs must traverse complex energy landscapes to find their functional three-dimensional structures. Along the way, they may encounter native and non-native folding intermediates, chaperone proteins, and assemble with partner proteins. This volume, written by experts in the field, discusses the current understanding of the biophysical principles that govern RNA folding, with featured RNAs including the ribosomal RNAs, viral RNAs, and self-splicing introns. In addition to the fundamental features of RNA folding, the central experimental and computational approaches in the field are presented with an emphasis on their individual strengths and limitations, and how they can be combined to be more powerful than any method alone; these approaches include NMR, single molecule fluorescence, site-directed spin labeling, structure mapping, comparative sequence analysis, graph theory, course-grained 3D modeling, and more. This volume will be of interest to professional researchers and advanced students entering the field of RNA folding.

Biophysics. --- Nucleic acids. --- Protein folding. --- RNA folding. --- RNA --- Biophysics --- Protein folding --- Biophysical Phenomena --- Physical Processes --- Physical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biophysical Processes --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Peptides. --- Folding of proteins --- Proteins --- Folding --- Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biomedicine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Organic compounds --- Amino acids --- Conformation --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Biological physics. --- Biological physics --- Physics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Systems biology