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The properties and nature of water clusters studied with novel spectroscopic approaches are presented in this thesis. Following a general introduction on the chemistry of water and water clusters, detailed descriptions of the experiments and analyses are given. All the experimental results, including first size-selective spectra of large clusters consisting of 200 water molecules, are presented with corresponding analyses. Hitherto unidentified hydrogen bond network structures, dynamics, and reactivity of various water clusters have been characterized at the molecular level. The main targets of this book are physical chemists and chemical physicists who are interested in water chemistry or cluster chemistry.
Inorganic compounds. --- Hydrogen bonding --- Water --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Spectra --- Hydrogen bonding. --- Spectra. --- Hydrogen bonds --- Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy. --- Physical chemistry. --- Microscopy. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Hydrology --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Molecular association --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- Water clusters --- Clusters, Water --- Molecules
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This work describes novel, effective hydrogen-bond (HB) donor catalysts based on a known bifunctional tertiary amine-thiourea, a privileged structure, which has been proven to be one of the most widely used organocatalysts. These HB donor catalysts derived from quinazoline and benzothiadiazine were initially synthesized as novel HB donors with their HB-donating abilities being measured by analytical methods. They were found to be effective for a variety of asymmetric transformations including Michael reactions of a, b-unsaturated imides and hydrazination reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Thiourea catalysts that have an additional functional group are also described. Specifically, thioureas that bear a hydroxyl group were synthesized and subsequently used as novel bifunctional organocatalysts for catalytic, asymmetric Petasis-type reactions involving organoboronic acids as nucleophiles. These addition reactions were difficult to achieve using existing organocatalysts. One of the developed catalytic methods can be applied to the synthesis of biologically interesting peptide-derived compounds possessing unnatural vinyl glycine moieties. These findings introduce new criteria required for the development of organocatalysts for asymmetric reactions, thus making a significant contribution to the field of organocatalysis.
Asymmetric synthesis. --- Catalysis. --- Organic compounds -- Synthesis. --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Hydrogen bonding. --- Hydrogen bonds --- Chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Molecular association --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Biochemistry. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Organic chemistry --- Composition --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry
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Nell'infanzia si pongono i classici interrogativi con tanti “perché?”. Purtroppo poi, nel corso dell'educazione matematica, la curiosità diminuisce e spesso ci si accontenta di chiedere "come si fa?". Questo libro è dedicato ai perché della logica e teoria degli insiemi, dell'analisi matematica, della probabilità e statistica. Si completano così gli argomenti di matematica insegnati a scuola, dopo i precedenti testi di V. Villani sui perché dell’algebra e geometria. Il titolo contiene un messaggio. In logica si affronta il calcolo delle proposizioni, l’analisi matematica è nota anche col nome di calcolo, la probabilità è detta calcolo delle probabilità. In tutti e tre i casi si potrebbe focalizzare l’attenzione sulla parola calcolo. Ma questo è riduttivo: il calcolo è una componente importante, ma altrettanto importante è la comprensione critica di tutto ciò che sta alla base dei calcoli. Il libro è rivolto a chi insegna matematica e a tutte le persone che hanno conservato una genuina curiosità scientifica. .
Mathematics - Study and teaching. --- Mathematics. --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematical Theory --- Mathematical analysis. --- Analysis (Mathematics). --- Mathematical logic. --- Statistics. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Analysis. --- Statistics, general. --- Learning & Instruction. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Global analysis (Mathematics). --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Analysis, Global (Mathematics) --- Differential topology --- Functions of complex variables --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Statistics . --- Learning. --- Instruction. --- Learning process --- Comprehension --- Education --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Water. --- Hydrogen bonding. --- Molecular structure. --- Spectrum analysis.
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