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Derecho del ferrocarril --- Railroad law --- Government regulation of railroads --- Law, Railroad --- Railroads --- Concessions --- Corporation law --- Railroads and state --- Law and legislation

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The 'Spanish' influenza of 1918 was the deadliest pandemic in history, killing as many as 50 million people worldwide. Canadian federal public health officials tried to prevent the disease from entering the country by implementing a maritime quarantine, as had been their standard practice since the cholera epidemics of 1832. But the 1918 flu was a different type of disease. In spite of the best efforts of both federal and local officials, up to fifty thousand Canadians died. In The Last Plague, Mark Osborne Humphries examines how federal epidemic disease management strategies developed before the First World War, arguing that the deadliest epidemic in Canadian history ultimately challenged traditional ideas about disease and public health governance. Using federal, provincial, and municipal archival sources, newspapers, and newly discovered military records - as well as original epidemiological studies - Humphries' sweeping national study situates the flu within a larger social, political, and military context for the first time. His provocative conclusion is that the 1918 flu crisis had important long-term consequences at the national level, ushering in the 'modern' era of public health in Canada.

Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919 --- Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919 --- World War, 1914-1918 --- Public health --- Disease management --- Medical policy --- Influenza, Human --- Government Regulation --- Health Policy --- History, 20th Century --- Pandemics --- History --- Social aspects --- Health aspects --- Political aspects --- History --- History --- History --- history --- history --- history --- history --- Canada.

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"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one of several federal agencies responsible for protecting Americans against significant risks to human health and the environment. As part of that mission, EPA estimates the nature, magnitude, and likelihood of risks to human health and the environment; identifies the potential regulatory actions that will mitigate those risks and protect public health1 and the environment; and uses that information to decide on appropriate regulatory action. Uncertainties, both qualitative and quantitative, in the data and analyses on which these decisions are based enter into the process at each step. As a result, the informed identification and use of the uncertainties inherent in the process is an essential feature of environmental decision making. EPA requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convene a committee to provide guidance to its decision makers and their partners in states and localities on approaches to managing risk in different contexts when uncertainty is present. It also sought guidance on how information on uncertainty should be presented to help risk managers make sound decisions and to increase transparency in its communications with the public about those decisions. Given that its charge is not limited to human health risk assessment and includes broad questions about managing risks and decision making, in this report the committee examines the analysis of uncertainty in those other areas in addition to human health risks. Environmental Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty explains the statement of task and summarizes the findings of the committee."--Publisher's description.

Environmental policy -- United States -- Decision making. --- Public health -- Environmental aspects -- United States. --- Public health -- Risk assessment -- United States. --- United States. -- Environmental Protection Agency -- Decision making. --- Environmental policy --- Public health --- Public Policy --- Thinking --- Social Control, Formal --- Risk --- Health Occupations --- Risk Management --- Probability --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Mathematical Concepts --- Sociology --- Social Control Policies --- Statistics as Topic --- Mental Processes --- Organization and Administration --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Public Health --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Social Sciences --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Policy --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Health Services Administration --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Phenomena and Processes --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Investigative Techniques --- Quality of Health Care --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Environmental Health --- Risk Assessment --- Uncertainty --- Government Regulation --- Health Policy --- Decision Making --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Decision making --- Risk assessment --- Environmental aspects --- Decision making. --- United States. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Government policy --- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency --- US Environmental Protection Agency --- EPA --- Agentstvo po okhrane okruzhai︠u︡shcheĭ sredy SShA --- E.P.A. --- USEPA --- United States Environmental Protection Agency --- US EPA --- Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)