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Food habits --- Food --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Development Studies --- Social aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Food Policy.

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"In the European Union nations, and other countries including Japan, Australia and Malaysia, it is a legal requirement that food products containing genetically modified organism (GMO) materials are labelled as such in order that customers may make informed purchasing decisions. For manufacturers and consumers to be confident about these assertions, systems must be in place along the entire food chain which support the co-existence of GM and non GM materials whilst maintaining a strict segregation between the two. This book is an output of a European Union-funded project entitled "Co-Extra: GM and non-GM food and feed supply chains: their Co-Existence and Traceability". The objective of this four year project is to provide practical tools and methods for implementing co-existence that will: enable the co-existence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops, enable the segregation and tracing of genetically modified organism (GMO) materials and derived products along the food and feed chains, anticipate the future expansion of the use of GMOs. The project is designed to foster a robustly science-based debate amongst all of the stakeholders involved in the food and feed chains, and the tools will be assessed not only from a technical point of view but with regard to the economic and legal aspects. It also surveys the GMO-related legal regimes and practices that exist in and beyond the EU. This book examines the practical tools and methods available to implement the co-existence and traceability of GM and non-GM food materials along the entire food and feed chains, as demanded by consumers and by legislation in force in the EU and elsewhere. GM and Non-GM Supply Foods is a source of valuable information for food manufacturers, food research institutions and regulatory bodies internationally"--

Agrotechnology and Food Sciences. Human Nutrition --- Food supply. --- Genetically modified foods. --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Development Studies --- Human Nutrition and Genetics. --- Food Policy.

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This paper examines the Islamic Republic of Mauritania’s adoption of its third Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) action plan, covering the medium term (2011–2015). Poverty reduction as the ultimate objective of all of the country’s economic social and institutional development policies has informed the context in which the third action plan is being implemented. The safe drinking water supply rate reached 52 percent nationally. In urban areas, the rate of access to private water main connections was 35 percent although it varied significantly from town to town. During the first year of implementation of the PRSP III, significant progress was made with actions targeting good governance and capacity-building in all areas of governance.

Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Poverty --- Mauritania --- Economic conditions. --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Social Services and Welfare --- Agriculture & Food Policy --- Demography --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Health: General --- Agricultural Policy --- Food Policy --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Education --- Population & demography --- Health economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Social welfare & social services --- Population and demographics --- Health --- Food security --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Population --- Mauritania, Islamic Republic of

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Niger’s new Poverty Reduction Strategy (PDES) represents its overarching reference framework for the government’s development agenda. It also proposes changes in policy orientation and institutional arrangements to respond to recent developments in Niger and in the subregion. The PDES was developed in an inclusive participatory process. Overall, it provides a comprehensive analysis of development challenges and a plan to achieve accelerated sustainable growth, identifies key risks to the achievements of the objectives as well as mitigating measures.

Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Niger --- République du Niger --- Nayjar --- Nījar --- Republic of Niger --- Ni-jih-erh --- Jamhuriyar Nijar --- نيجر --- Nícher --- Republica de Nícher --- Níxer --- República de Níxer --- Niger Respublikası --- Нігер --- Niher --- Рэспубліка Нігер --- Rėspublika Niher --- Republika Niger --- Нигер --- Република Нигер --- República del Níger --- Gweriniaeth Niger --- Republikken Niger --- Republik Niger --- Nigeri Vabariik --- Νίγηρας --- Nigēras --- Δημοκρατία του Νίγηρα --- Dēmokratia tou Nigēra --- Republic of the Niger --- ニジェール --- Nijēru --- Economic conditions. --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Agriculture & Food Policy --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Social Services and Welfare --- Education: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Agricultural Policy --- Food Policy --- Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Poverty & precarity --- Education --- Public finance & taxation --- Economic growth --- Social welfare & social services --- Expenditure --- Food security --- Inclusive growth --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Expenditures, Public --- Economic development

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Agriculture is the economic foundation of many Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, employing about 60 percent of the workforce and contributing an average of 30 percent of gross domestic product. Yet agricultural growth rates for SSA declined in the 2000 and food insecurity remains a concern, with malnourishment only dropping from 34 to 30 percent in two decades. Various projections suggest that food production must increase by 70-100 percent by 2050 to meet the demands of a world with 9 billion people and changing diets. In SSA this will require considerable investments in agricultural development-research, institutional support and infrastructural development. Ensuring food security under a changing climate is one of the major challenges of our era. African agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate-smart agriculture seeks to increase productivity in an environmentally and socially sustainable way, strengthen farmers' resilience to climate change, and reduce agriculture's contribution to climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon storage on farmland. Climate-smart agriculture includes proven practical techniques-such as mulching, intercropping, conservation agriculture, crop rotation, integrated crop-livestock management, agroforestry, improved grazing, and improved water management-but also innovative practices such as better weather forecasting, early warning systems and risk insurance. Climate-smart agriculture fully incorporates attention to climate risk management. Climate-smart agriculture offers some unique opportunities to tackle food security, adaptation and mitigation objectives. African countries will particularly benefit from climate-smart agriculture given the central role of agriculture as a means to poverty alleviation and the major negative impacts that climate change is likely to have on the African continent.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Agricultural Productivity --- Agricultural Sector --- Agriculture --- Carbon Sequestration --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Agriculture --- Climate Change and Environment --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate Risk Management --- Crop Yields --- Deforestation --- Environment --- Farming --- Feasibility --- Floods --- Food Production --- Food Security --- Forests --- Insurance --- Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change --- International Food Policy Research Institute --- Land-Use Change --- Livestock Insurance --- Maize --- Methane --- Rice --- Soil Carbon --- Temperature --- World Food Programme