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Sand, rice, sugar, snow, cement... Although ubiquitous in our daily lives, granular media still challenge engineers and fascinate researchers. This book provides the state-of-the-art of the physics of granular media and recent advances in the field. The book presents the fundamental properties of granular materials: interactions between grains; solid, liquid and gaseous behaviours; coupling with a fluid; and sediment transport and formation of geological structures. Descriptions of the phenomena combine qualitative and formal arguments, coming from areas as diverse as elasticity, plasticity, statistical physics, fluid mechanics and geomorphology. Many examples of the astonishing behaviours of granular media are presented, including avalanches, segregation, dune song and quicksand. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers in physics, applied mathematics and engineering.
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Der Bericht behandelt die Entwicklung strömungsmechanischer Modelle sowie deren Anwendung in der Praxis. Es werden das Schallkriterium der schiefen Stoßreflexion, die Stabilitätstheorie lokaler Störungen zur effizienten Strömungskontrolle, Transitionsmodelle dreidimensionaler Grenzschichten und Nachlauströmungen sowie thermischer Instabilitäten und in der Bioströmungsmechanik Strömung-Struktur gekoppelte Modelle des Vogelfluges und des menschlichen Herzens entwickelt und validiert. The report deals with the development of fluid mechanical models as well as with their practical applications. The sonic criterion of oblique shock reflexion, stability theory of local disturbances for efficient flow control, transition models of three-dimensional boundary layers and wakes as well as thermal instabilities and in biofliud mechanics fluid-structure coupled models of the bird flight and human heart have been developed and validated.
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This book includes contributions from researchers around the world on numerical developments and applications to predict fluid flow and heat transfer, with an emphasis on thermal hydraulics computational fluid dynamics. Our ability to simulate larger problems with greater fidelity has vastly expanded over the past decade. The collection of material presented in this book augments the ever-increasing body of knowledge concerning the important topic of thermal hydraulics. Featured topics include coolant channel analysis, thermal hydraulic transport and mixing, as well as hydrodynamics and heat transfer processes. The contents of this book will interest researchers, scientists, engineers and graduate students.
Nuclear reactors --- Fluid dynamics. --- Electrical engineering
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Turbulence. --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Fluid dynamics
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Turbulence is ubiquitous in science, technology and daily life and yet, despite years of research, our understanding of its fundamental nature is still tentative and incomplete. More generally, the tools required for a deep understanding of strongly interacting many-body systems remain underdeveloped. Inspired by a research programme held at the Newton Institute in Cambridge, this book contains reviews by leading experts that summarize our current understanding of the nature of turbulence from theoretical, experimental, observational and computational points of view. The articles cover a wide range of topics, including the scaling and organized motion in wall turbulence, small scale structure, dynamics and statistics of homogeneous turbulence, turbulent transport and mixing, and effects of rotation, stratification and magnetohydrodynamics, as well as superfluidity. The book will be useful to researchers and graduate students interested in the fundamental nature of turbulence at high Reynolds numbers.
Turbulence. --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Fluid dynamics
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Fluid dynamics --- Hydrogeology --- Water quality --- Fluids --- Earth
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This textbook is designed to introduce the principles of fluid dynamics to students of environmental and aquatic sciences. Introduces the principles of fluid dynamics, follows with simple applications, and builds to more complex applications experienced in the field. Offers a unique, authoritative, and accessible treatment of the subject. Includes appropriate mathematical expressions without overburdening the reader with difficult or extensive notation.
Aquatic ecology --- Fluid dynamics --- Marine eutrophication
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Neue Methoden für Lumped-Parameter-Nodalisierungen werden auf ein Reaktorsicherheitsbehälter-Modell des Integralcodes MELCOR angewendet. Wasserstoffverteilungen aus MELCOR und GASFLOW (3D-CFD) werden verglichen. Die verbesserte Nodalisierung führt zu deutlich erhöhter Genauigkeit. New methods for enhancing the Lumped Parameter nodalization of a nuclear reactor containment are applied to a model of the integral code MELCOR. Hydrogen distributions calculated by MELCOR and the 3D-CFD code GASFLOW are compared. The enhanced nodalization increases the accuracy significantly.
Nuclear reactors --- Nuclear reactors --- Fluid dynamics. --- Thermodynamics.
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Turbulence models. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Computational fluid dynamics. --- Shock layers. --- Boundary layers.
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This book presents a non-traditional approach to the theory of turbulence. Its objective is to prove that Newtonian mechanics is fully equipped for the description of turbulent motions without the help of experimentally obtained closures. Turbulence is one of the most fundamental problems in theoretical physics that is still unsolved. The term ""unsolved"" here means that turbulence cannot be properly formulated, i.e. reduced to standard mathematical procedure such as solving differential equations. In other words, it is not just a computational problem: prior to computations, a consistent mat
Turbulence. --- Turbulence --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Fluid dynamics --- Mathematical models.
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