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Chemical and physical crystallography

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Chemists are used to the operational definition of symmetry, which crystallographers introduced long before the advent of quantum mechanics. The ball-and-stick models of molecules naturally exhibit the symmetrical properties of macroscopic objects. However, the practitioner of quantum chemistry and molecular modeling is not concerned with balls and sticks, but with subatomic particles: nuclei and electrons. This textbook introduces the subtle metaphors which relate our macroscopic understanding of symmetry to the molecular world. It gradually explains how bodily rotations and reflections, which leave all inter-particle distances unaltered, affect the study of molecular phenomena that depend only on these internal distances. It helps readers to acquire the skills to make use of the mathematical tools of group theory for whatever chemical problems they are confronted with in the course of their own research.

Inorganic chemistry --- Chemical and physical crystallography --- Chemistry --- Computer. Automation --- kristallografie --- chemie --- informatica --- anorganische chemie

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Molecules, galaxies, art galleries, sculptures, viruses, crystals, architecture, and more: Shaping Space—Exploring Polyhedra in Nature, Art, and the Geometrical Imagination is an exuberant survey of polyhedra and at the same time a hands-on, mind-boggling introduction to one of the oldest and most fascinating branches of mathematics. Some of the world’s leading geometers present a treasury of ideas, history, and culture to make the beauty of polyhedra accessible to students, teachers, polyhedra hobbyists, and professionals such as architects and designers, painters and sculptors, biologists and chemists, crystallographers, physicists and earth scientists, engineers and model builders, mathematicians and computer scientists. The creative chapters by more than 25 authors explore almost every imaginable side of polyhedra.  From the beauty of natural forms to the monumental constructions made by man, there is something to fascinate every reader. The book is dedicated to the memory of the legendary geometer H. S. M. Coxeter and the multifaceted design scientist Arthur L. Loeb. Contributing Authors: P. Ash, T. F. Banchoff, J. Baracs, E. Bolker, C. Chieh, R. Connelly, H.S.M. Coxeter, H. Crapo, E. Demaine, M. Demaine, G. Fleck, B. Grünbaum, I. Hargittai, M. Hargittai, G. Hart, V. Hart, A. Loeb, J. Malkevitch, B. Monson, J. O'Rourke, J. Pedersen, D. Schattschneider, M. Schmitt, E. Schulte, M. Senechal, G.C. Shephard, I. Streinu, M. Walter, M. Wenninger, W. Whiteley, J. M. Wills, and G. M. Ziegler.

Mathematics --- Geometry --- Chemical and physical crystallography --- Production management --- Applied arts. Arts and crafts --- kristallografie --- vormgeving --- ontwerpen --- wiskunde --- geometrie --- moleculaire biologie

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Thermodynamics is a well-established discipline of physics for properties of matter in thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. Applying to crystals, however, the laws encounter undefined properties of crystal lattice, which therefore need to be determined for a clear and well-defined description of crystalline states. Thermodynamics of Crystalline States explores the roles played by order variables and dynamic lattices in crystals in a wholly new way. The book begins by clarifying basic concepts for stable crystals. Next, binary phase transitions are discussed to study collective motion of order variables, as described mostly as classical phenomena. New to this edition is the examination of magnetic crystals, where magnetic symmetry is essential for magnetic phase transitions. The multi-electron system is also discussed  theoretically, as a quantum-mechanical example, for superconductivity in metallic crystals. Throughout the book, the role played by the lattice is emphasized and studied in-depth. Thermodynamics of Crystalline States is an introductory treatise and textbook on mesoscopic phenomena in solid states, constituting a basic subject in condensed matter physics. While this book serves as a guide for advanced students in physics and material science, it can also be useful as a reference for all professionals in related fields. Minoru Fujimoto is author of Physics of Classical Electromagnetism (Springer, 2007) and The Physics of Structural Phase Transitions (Springer, 2005).

Thermodynamics --- Solid state physics --- Physics --- Physicochemistry --- Organic reaction mechanisms and kinetics --- Chemical and physical crystallography --- thermodynamica --- kristallografie --- vaste stof --- materie (fysica) --- fysica --- kogellagers --- fysicochemie

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When quantum mechanics was first proposed a century ago, nobody could have anticipated how deeply it would affect our lives.  Today, we are connected and powered through devices whose existence is predicated on the basic principles of this strange physics.  Not even the biological sciences have escaped its reach.  As scientists query the deepest mysteries of the living world, the physical scales probed and the types of questions asked are increasingly blurring the lines between biology and physics.  The hybrid field of biophysics represents the new frontier of the 21st century. The ribosome has been at the heart of three Nobel Prizes.  Understanding its essential nature and how it interacts with other proteins and nucleic acids to control protein synthesis has been one of the central foundations in our understanding of the biology at the molecular level.  With the advent of atomic scale structures, methods to visualize and separate individual molecules, and the computational power to model the complex interactions of over a million atoms at once, our understanding of how gene expression is controlled at the level of protein translation is now deeply ensconced in the biophysical realm. This book provides a premier resource to a wide audience, whether it be the general reader seeking a broad view of the field, a clinician interested in the role of protein translation in human disease, the bench researcher looking for state-of-the-art technologies, or computational scientists involved in cutting edge molecular modeling.

Organic chemistry --- Chemical and physical crystallography --- Genetics --- General biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- General biophysics --- Pathological biochemistry --- Human medicine --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- kristallografie --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- organische chemie --- biochemie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- moleculaire biologie --- genexpressie