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The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)-collectively known as the World Bank-in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors.

Banking sector --- Capital markets --- Emerging markets --- Equity investments --- Health services --- Inflation --- Interest rates --- Microfinance --- Natural resources --- Transition economies --- World Bank --- Világbank --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ bank dli︠a︡ rekonstrukt︠s︡ii i razvitii︠a︡ --- MBRR --- Sekai Ginkō --- Kokusai Fukkō Kaihatsu Ginkō --- Kukche Puhŭng Kaebal Ŭnhaeng --- Segye Ŭnhaeng --- IBRD --- Welt Bank --- Weltbank --- Banque mondiale --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- Banco Mundial --- B.I.R.D. --- BIRD --- Banca Internațională pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare --- Mirovoĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ bank rekonstrukt︠s︡iï i rozvytku --- Verdensbanken --- Międzynarodowy Bank Rozwoju i Odbudowy --- Bank al-Dawlī lil-Inshāʼ wa-al-Taʻmīr --- Bank al-Dawlī --- Världsbanken --- Banca ricostruzione e sviluppo --- Banca di ricostruzione e sviluppo --- BIRF --- I.B.R.D. --- B.I.R.F. --- Shih chieh yin hang --- Shi jie yin hang --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- World Bank Group. World Bank --- Thanākhān Lōk --- Bank Światowy --- Viśva Baiṅka --- Lōka Băṅkuva --- Ngân hàng Thế giới --- Vsemirnyĭ Bank --- Bank Dunia --- Msopʻlio Bankis --- Banca Mondială --- BM --- Prapañca Byāṅku --- Banca mondiale --- Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo --- Dhanāgār Bibhab Lok --- البنك الدولي --- بنك الدولي --- 世界銀行 --- 世界银行 --- 国際復興開発銀行 --- Dėlkhiĭn Bank --- Дэлхийн Банк --- Hamashkharhayin Banki --- Svetska Banka --- Wereldbank --- Internationale bank voor herstel en ontwikkeling

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The 1992 Rio Earth Summit was supposed to be a turning point for the World Bank. Environmental concerns would now play a major role in its lending—programs and projects would go beyond economic development to “sustainable development.” More than two decades later, efforts to green the bank seem pallid. Bruce Rich argues that the Bank’s current institutional problems are extensions of flaws that had been present since its founding. His new book, Foreclosing the Future, tells the story of the Bank from the Rio Earth Summit to today. For readers who want the full history of the Bank’s environmental record, Rich’s acclaimed 1994 critique, Mortgaging the Earth, is an essential companion. Called a “detailed and thought-provoking look at an important subject” by The New York Times, Mortgaging the Earth analyzes the twenty year period leading up the Rio Summit. Rich offers not only an important history but critical insights about economic development that are ever-more relevant today.

Production management --- milieupolitiek --- Public law. Constitutional law --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- International law --- milieurecht --- publiek recht --- internationaal recht --- Environmental law --- milieukunde --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- milieu --- Environmental policy --- Economic assistance --- World Bank --- E-books --- Environmental law. --- Environmental sciences. --- Sustainable development. --- Sustainable Development. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Public International Law . --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- Law --- Sustainable development --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Law and legislation --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental policy. --- Public international law. --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Environment and state --- Environmental management --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Government policy --- Világbank --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ bank dli︠a︡ rekonstrukt︠s︡ii i razvitii︠a︡ --- MBRR --- Sekai Ginkō --- Kokusai Fukkō Kaihatsu Ginkō --- Kukche Puhŭng Kaebal Ŭnhaeng --- Segye Ŭnhaeng --- IBRD --- Welt Bank --- Weltbank --- Banque mondiale --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- Banco Mundial --- B.I.R.D. --- BIRD --- Banca Internațională pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare --- Mirovoĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ bank rekonstrukt︠s︡iï i rozvytku --- Verdensbanken --- Międzynarodowy Bank Rozwoju i Odbudowy --- Bank al-Dawlī lil-Inshāʼ wa-al-Taʻmīr --- Bank al-Dawlī --- Världsbanken --- Banca ricostruzione e sviluppo --- Banca di ricostruzione e sviluppo --- BIRF --- I.B.R.D. --- B.I.R.F. --- Shih chieh yin hang --- Shi jie yin hang --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- World Bank Group. World Bank --- Thanākhān Lōk --- Bank Światowy --- Viśva Baiṅka --- Lōka Băṅkuva --- Ngân hàng Thế giới --- Vsemirnyĭ Bank --- Bank Dunia --- Msopʻlio Bankis --- Banca Mondială --- BM --- Prapañca Byāṅku --- Banca mondiale --- Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo --- Dhanāgār Bibhab Lok --- البنك الدولي --- بنك الدولي --- 世界銀行 --- 世界银行 --- 国際復興開発銀行 --- Dėlkhiĭn Bank --- Дэлхийн Банк --- Hamashkharhayin Banki --- Svetska Banka --- Wereldbank --- Internationale bank voor herstel en ontwikkeling

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This report evaluates the outcomes of World Bank Group support to Afghanistan from 2002-11. Despite extremely difficult security conditions, which deteriorated markedly after 2006, the World Bank Group has commendably established and sustained a large program of support to the country. The key messages of the evaluation are: While World Bank Group strategy has been highly relevant to Afghanistan's situation, beginning in 2006 the strategies could have gone further in adapting ongoing programs to evolving opportunities and needs, and in programming activities sufficient to achieve the objectives of the pillars in those strategies.; Overall, Bank Group assistance has achieved substantial progress toward most of its major objectives, although risks to development outcomes remain high. Impressive results have been achieved in public financial management, public health, telecommunications, and community development; substantial outputs have also been achieved in primary education, rural roads, irrigation, and microfinance-all started during the initial phase. Bank assistance has been critical in developing the mining sector as a potential engine of growth. However, progress has been limited in civil service reform, agriculture, urban development, and private sector development.; The Bank Group's direct financial assistance has been augmented effectively by analytic and advisory activities and donor coordination through the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund. Knowledge services have been an important part of Bank Group support and have demonstrated the value of strategic analytical work, even in areas where the Bank Group may opt out of direct project financing.; With the expected reduction of the international presence in 2014, sustainability of development gains remains a major risk because of capacity constraints and inadequate human resources planning on the civilian side. To enhance program effectiveness, the evaluation recommends that the Bank Group help the government develop a comprehensive, long-term human resources strategy for the civilian sectors; focus on strategic analytical work in sectors that are high priorities for the government; assist in the development of local government institutions and, in the interim, support the development of a viable system for service delivery at subnational levels; assist in transforming the National Solidarity Program into a more sustainable financial and institutional model to consolidate its gains; help strengthen the regulatory environment for private sector investment; and scale up IFC and MIGA support to the private sector. Chapter Abstracts Chapter 1 This chapter examines the country context, including continuing conflict and insecurity, poverty, and the role of development partners and non-state actors (civil society and humanitarian organizations) in Afghanistan. It examines coming transitions in security arrangements, including political and economic transitions. It outlines the evaluation methods used, as well as limitations. Chapter 2 This chapter deals with the World Bank Group strategy and program, the Bank Group's operational program, portfolio performance, analytic and advisory activities review, the Afghanistan Reconstruction Fund, and the new Interim Strategy Note, as well as previous Transitional Support Strategies and ISNs. Chapter 3 This chapter examines the building of state capacity and state accountability to its citizens, specifically issues such as results and shortcomings in public financial management, public sector governance, and health and education. The World Bank Group contribution is highlighted. Risks to development outcomes are discussed. Chapter 4 This chapter examines the issue of promoting growth in the rural economy and improving rural livelihoods, including sectors such as rural roads, agriculture and water. The National Solidarity Program and the Bank Group's contribution to it are discussed. Risks to development outcomes are noted. Chapter 5 This chapter concerns support for the formal private sector, examining the overall investment climate and financial sector. It looks at possibilities for growth in the mining and hydrocarbons sector, information and communications technology, and power sectors. Urban development is also examined. The World Bank Group contribution is highlighted. Chapter 6 This chapter provides an overall assessment (relevance, efficacy) of the Bank Group's program in Afghanistan, outlining the internal and external drivers of success (knowledge services, staff capacity, customization of program design to country context, alignment of donor objectives, etc) and weakness. Chapter 7 This chapter outlines the lessons for fragile and conflict-affected situations drawing on the specifics of the Afghanistan evaluation case. Recommendations are offered in areas such as labor markets, human resources, strategic-level analytical work vis-a-vis long-term development strategies, and strengthening of the regulatory environment for private sector investment.

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS --- Economics / Macroeconomics --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Economic development projects --- Evaluation. --- World Bank --- Afghanistan. --- Afganistan --- A-fu-han --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- DRA --- Republic of Afghanistan --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- Aphganistan --- Afeganistão --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Affghanistan --- Efẍanistan --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- جمهورى اسلامى افغانستان --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- افغانستان --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Афганистэн --- Afganistėn --- Афганистэн Мыслимэн Республикэ --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublikė --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Ahyganitã --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganitã --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Афганістан --- Afhanistan --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Афганістан --- Islamskai︠a︡ Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Apganistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Афганистан --- Ислямска република Афганистан --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Afganistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Affganistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- アフガニスタン --- Afuganisutan --- Világbank --- Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ bank dli︠a︡ rekonstrukt︠s︡ii i razvitii︠a︡ --- MBRR --- Sekai Ginkō --- Kokusai Fukkō Kaihatsu Ginkō --- Kukche Puhŭng Kaebal Ŭnhaeng --- Segye Ŭnhaeng --- IBRD --- Welt Bank --- Weltbank --- Banque mondiale --- Internationale Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung --- Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento --- Banco Mundial --- B.I.R.D. --- BIRD --- Banca Internațională pentru Reconstrucție și Dezvoltare --- Mirovoĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ Bank --- Svitovyĭ bank rekonstrukt︠s︡iï i rozvytku --- Verdensbanken --- Międzynarodowy Bank Rozwoju i Odbudowy --- Bank al-Dawlī lil-Inshāʼ wa-al-Taʻmīr --- Bank al-Dawlī --- Världsbanken --- Banca ricostruzione e sviluppo --- Banca di ricostruzione e sviluppo --- BIRF --- I.B.R.D. --- B.I.R.F. --- Shih chieh yin hang --- Shi jie yin hang --- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development --- World Bank Group. World Bank --- Thanākhān Lōk --- Bank Światowy --- Viśva Baiṅka --- Lōka Băṅkuva --- Ngân hàng Thế giới --- Vsemirnyĭ Bank --- Bank Dunia --- Msopʻlio Bankis --- Banca Mondială --- BM --- Prapañca Byāṅku --- Banca mondiale --- Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo --- Dhanāgār Bibhab Lok --- البنك الدولي --- بنك الدولي --- 世界銀行 --- 世界银行 --- 国際復興開発銀行 --- Dėlkhiĭn Bank --- Дэлхийн Банк --- Hamashkharhayin Banki --- Svetska Banka --- Wereldbank --- Internationale bank voor herstel en ontwikkeling