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In Becoming Confederates , Gary W. Gallagher explores loyalty in the era of the Civil War, focusing on Robert E. Lee, Stephen Dodson Ramseur, and Jubal A. Early-three prominent officers in the Army of Northern Virginia who became ardent Confederate nationalists. Loyalty was tested and proved in many ways leading up to and during the war. Looking at levels of allegiance to their native state, to the slaveholding South, to the United States, and to the Confederacy, Gallagher shows how these men represent responses to the mid-nineteenthcentury crisis. Lee traditionally has been presented as a rel

Change of allegiance --- Patriotism --- Loyalty --- Allegiance --- Early, Jubal Anderson, --- Ramseur, Stephen Dodson, --- Lee, Robert E. --- United States --- History --- Causes. --- Social aspects. --- Lee, Robert Edward, --- Lee, R. E. --- Ramseur, Dodson, --- Early, J. A.

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At the turn of the seventeenth century, a new dynastic party established authority across Central Asia. In Four Types of Loyalty in Early Modern Central Asia , Thomas Welsford offers the first detailed account of how and why this happened. By examining some of the ways in which various social groupings helped to facilitate the Tūqāy-Tīmūrids’ acquisition of power, Welsford considers how such an instance of dynastic change might reflect the shifting loyalties, beliefs and preferences of an often overlooked wider subject population.

Timurids. --- Allegiance. --- HISTORY / Asia / Central Asia --- HISTORY / Asia / General --- Loyalty, Political --- Political loyalty --- Loyalty --- Citizenship --- Patriotism --- Transoxiana --- Mawarannahr --- Mā Warāʻ an-Nahr --- Mā Warāʻ al-Nahr --- Maverannakhr --- Movarounnaḣr --- Khanate of Bukhara --- History. --- Kings and rulers. --- Allegiance --- Transoxania --- Dashi

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Breaking new ground in scholarship, Niraja Jayal writes the first history of citizenship in the largest democracy in the world-India. Unlike the mature democracies of the west, India began as a true republic of equals with a complex architecture of citizenship rights that was sensitive to the many hierarchies of Indian society. In this provocative biography of the defining aspiration of modern India, Jayal shows how the progressive civic ideals embodied in the constitution have been challenged by exclusions based on social and economic inequality, and sometimes also, paradoxically, undermined by its own policies of inclusion. Citizenship and Its Discontents explores a century of contestations over citizenship from the colonial period to the present, analyzing evolving conceptions of citizenship as legal status, as rights, and as identity. The early optimism that a new India could be fashioned out of an unequal and diverse society led to a formally inclusive legal membership, an impulse to social and economic rights, and group-differentiated citizenship. Today, these policies to create a civic community of equals are losing support in a climate of social intolerance and weak solidarity. Once seen by Western political scientists as an anomaly, India today is a site where every major theoretical debate about citizenship is being enacted in practice, and one that no global discussion of the subject can afford to ignore.

Citizenship --- Civics, East Indian. --- East Indian civics --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- History. --- Law and legislation --- India --- Politics and government

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What does it mean to be a citizen? What impact does an active democracy have on its citizenry and why does it fail or succeed in fulfilling its promises? Most modern democracies seem unable to deliver the goods that citizens expect; many politicians seem to have given up on representing the wants and needs of those who elected them and are keener on representing themselves and their financial backers. What will it take to bring democracy back to its original promise of rule by the people? Bernd Reiter's timely analysis reaches back to ancient Greece and the Roman Republic in searc

Autonomy. --- Citizenship. --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Independence --- Self-government --- International law --- Sovereignty --- Law and legislation

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This book presents an answer to the question of why modern legal institutions and the idea of citizenship are important for leading a free life. The majority of views in political and legal philosophy regard the law merely as a useful instrument, employed to render our lives more secure and to enable us to engage in cooperate activities more efficiently. The view developed here defends a non-instrumentalist alternative of why the law matters. It identifies the law as a constitutive feature of our identities as citizens of modern states. The constitutivist argument rests on the (Kantian) assumption that a person's practical identity (its normative self-conception as an agent) is the result of its actions. The law co-constitutes these identities because it maintains the external conditions that are necessary for the actions performed under its authority. Modern legal institutions provide these external prerequisites for achieving a high degree of individual self-constitution and freedom. Only public principles can establish our status as individuals who pursue their life plans and actions as a matter of right and not because others contingently happen to let us do so. The book thereby provides resources for a reply to anarchist challenges to the necessity of legal ordering.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Citizenship. --- Effectiveness and validity of law. --- Law --- Jurisprudence --- Validity and effectiveness of law --- International law --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Philosophy. --- Law and legislation --- Identity. --- Legality. --- Modern State.