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MILS-13 provides an up-to-date review on the relationships between essential metals and human diseases, covering 13 metals and 3 metalloids: The bulk metals sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, plus the trace elements manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and selenium, all of which are essential for life. Also covered are chromium, vanadium, nickel, silicon, and arsenic, which have been proposed as being essential for humans in the 2nd half of the last century. However, if at all, they are needed only in ultra-trace amounts, and because of their prevalence in the environment, it has been difficult to prove whether or not they are required. In any case, all these elements are toxic in higher concentrations and therefore, transport and cellular concentrations of at least the essential ones, are tightly controlled; hence, their homeostasis and role for life, including deficiency or overload, and their links to illnesses, including cancer and neurological disorders, are thoroughly discussed. Indeed, it is an old wisdom that metals are indispensable for life. Therefore, Volume 13 provides in an authoritative and timely manner in 16 stimulating chapters, written by 29 internationally recognized experts from 7 nations, and supported by more than 2750 references, and over 20 tables and 80 illustrations, many in color, a most up-to-date view on the vibrant research area of the Interrelations between Essential Metal Ions and Human Diseases. Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel, and Roland K. O. Sigel have long-standing interests in Biological Inorganic Chemistry. Their research focuses on metal ion interactions with nucleotides and nucleic acids and on related topics. They edited previously 44 volumes in the series Metal Ions in Biological Systems.

Metal ions -- Physiological effect. --- Metal ions. --- Metals in the body. --- Diseases --- Metal ions --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Electrolytes --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Phenomena and Processes --- Metals --- Ions --- Metabolism --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Physiological effect. --- Life sciences. --- Chemistry. --- Life Sciences. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Biomedicine general. --- Chemistry/Food Science, general. --- Physical sciences --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Body composition --- Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.

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Concerns with ionic liquids are one of the most interesting and rapidly developing areas in modern physical chemistry, materials science, technologies, and engineering. Increasing attention has also been paid to the use of ionic liquids in the research fields of biological aspects and natural resources. This book provides the forum for dissemination and exchange of up-to-date scientific information on theoretical, generic, and applied areas of ionic liquids. It, therefore, tends to review recent progresses in ionic liquid research on fundamental properties, solvents and catalysts in organic reactions, biological applications, providing energies and fuels, biomass conversions, functional materials, and other applications. I trust that this book will provide an active source of information for research in ionic liquid science and engineering.

Ionic solutions. --- Solutions, Ionic --- Ions --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Fluid Dynamics --- Fluid Mechanics

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Questo volume raccoglie le lezioni del Corso di Radioattività impartite, inizialmente dall’autore e successivamente da suoi collaboratori, agli studenti di Fisica presso l’Università di Pavia. I temi trattati costituiscono un’introduzione ai fenomeni radioattivi in senso stretto con escursioni, aventi come base di partenza e filo conduttore il decadimento beta, nel campo della fisica delle particelle elementari, in particolare dei neutrini, e dell’astrofisica. Alcuni argomenti sono tradizionali, altri riguardano la fisica di frontiera così che al lettore sono offerti particolari itinerari dalla fisica consolidata alla fisica in evoluzione. Ovviamente, per quanto riguarda quest’ultima, i risultati sperimentali riportati e i relativi commenti hanno carattere di provvisorietà. Per questa ragione, in questa edizione del testo, è stata rivolta particolare attenzione all’aggiornamento dei risultati relativi allo studio dei neutrini nell’ambito del doppio decadimento beta e delle oscillazioni di neutrino. In ogni caso, gli argomenti discussi rappresentano una scelta, per qualche verso arbitraria, del vasto materiale disponibile e vengono proposti con carattere introduttivo e non esaustivo. La comprensione dei vari temi presuppone il possesso delle nozioni normalmente impartite nei primi tre anni del Corso di Laurea in Fisica.

Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Nuclear Fusion. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Fusion, Nuclear --- Fusion reactions --- Fusion --- Nuclear reactions --- Strongly interacting particles --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Partons --- Ions --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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Extensions to the No-Core Shell Model presents three extensions to the No-Core Shell Model (NCSM) that allow for calculations of heavier nuclei, specifically for the p-shell nuclei. The Importance-Truncated NCSM (IT-NCSM) formulated on arguments of multi-configurational perturbation theory selects a small set of basis states from the initially large basis space in which the Hamiltonian is diagonalized. Previous IT-NCSM calculations have proven reliable, however, there has been no thorough investigation of the inherent error in the truncated IT-NCSM calculations. This thesis provides a detailed study of IT-NCSM calculations and compares them to full NCSM calculations to judge the accuracy of IT-NCSM in heavier nuclei. When IT-NCSM calculations are performed, one often needs to extrapolate the ground-state energy from the finite basis (or model) spaces to the full NCSM model space. In this thesis a careful investigation of the extrapolation procedures was performed. On a related note, extrapolations in the NCSM are commonplace, but up to recently did not have the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) physics under control. This work additionally presents a method that maps the NCSM parameters into an effective-field theory inspired framework, in which the UV and IR physics are treated appropriately. The NCSM is well-suited to describe bound-state properties of nuclei, but is not well-adapted to describe loosely bound systems, such as the exotic nuclei near the neutron drip line. With the inclusion of the Resonating Group Method (RGM), the NCSM / RGM can provide a first-principles description of exotic nuclei and the first extension of the NCSM.

Laser pulses, Ultrashort. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Atomic Physics --- Nuclear shell theory. --- Nuclear models. --- Models, Nuclear --- Nuclear shell models --- Nuclear shell structure --- Shell models (Nuclear physics) --- Physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear models --- Quantum theory. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Ions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons

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It has been suggested that local parity violation (LPV) in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) would lead to charge separation of quarks by the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in heavy ion collisions. Charge Multiplicity Asymmetry Correlation Study Searching for Local Parity Violation at RHIC for STAR Collaboration presents the detailed study of charge separation with respect to the event plane. Results on charge multiplicity asymmetry in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at 200 GeV by the STAR experiment are reported. It was found that the correlation results could not be explained by CME alone. Additionally, the charge separation signal as a function of the measured azimuthal angle range as well as the event-by-event anisotropy parameter are studied. These results indicate that the charge separation effect appears to be in-plane rather than out-of-plane. It is discovered that the charge separation effect is proportional to the event-by-event azimuthal anisotropy and consistent with zero in events with zero azimuthal anisotropy. These studies suggest that the charge separation effect, within the statistical error, may be a net effect of event anisotropy and correlated particle production. A potential upper limit on the CME is also presented through this data.

Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum chromodynamics. --- Chromodynamics, Quantum --- QCD (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Nuclear physics. --- Heavy ions. --- Hadrons. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Particle acceleration. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Quantum electrodynamics --- Nuclear physics --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Acceleration --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Ions