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Empirical studies of tax and benefit incidence routinely ignore behavioral responses and measurement errors. This paper offers an econometric method of estimating the mean benefit withdrawal rate (marginal tax rate) allowing for incentive effects, measurement errors, and correlated latent heterogeneity in incidence. Under the method's identifying assumptions, a feasible instrumental variables estimator corrects for incentive effects and measurement errors, and provides a bound for the true value when there is correlated incidence heterogeneity. A case study for a large cash transfer program in China indicates that past methods of assessing benefit incidence using either nominal official rates or raw tabulations from survey data are deceptive. The program entails a nominal 100 percent benefit withdrawal rate-a poverty trap. However, the paper finds that the actual rate is much lower, and clearly too low in the light of the literature on optimal income taxation. The paper discusses likely reasons based on the qualitative observations.
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This updated and expanded new edition of Chinese Foreign Policy examines the patterns of engagement with various domestic and international actors that have shaped Beijing's foreign policy since the Cold War. It explores a series of ongoing questions and trends, as well as offering an in-depth look at the key areas of China's modern global relations. Bringing together the many different facets of China's foreign interests, the volume presents a comprehensive overview of the country's international affairs, covering such key issues as: -the rise of globalisation, international financial uncertainty, and China's economic power -the country's bilateral and multilateral approaches to international problem-solving -China's engagement in various regional and international regimes -modern strategic challenges, including terrorism and economic security -the question of shifting American power -Beijing's changing political, strategic and economic linkages with the developed and developing world. Chinese Foreign Policy will be of great interest to upper-level students of Chinese international relations, Asian politics, comparative foreign policy and international relations, as well as professionals interested in China's changing place in the global system.
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China has created its own distinctive pathway to becoming one of the world's largest economies - and the country's economic and political development over the next decade will have profound implications for the rest of the world. Knowledge of contemporary China is therefore essential for anyone who seeks to understand politics, business and international affairs in the twenty-first century. Assuming no prior knowledge, this book presents an accessible and engaging introduction to all aspects of China. Following a scene-setting chapter on the making of modern-day China, the book moves on to examine the country's political and economic structures, its society and culture, and its changing place in the world. Looking to the future, the book also considers the demographic and political challenges which China now faces. Kerry Brown shows that there is a vibrant debate within the country about what China is, in what direction it might go and what sort of power it should become. The text is illustrated throughout with figures and tables, boxes focusing on key issues and an extensive guide to further reading and useful websites. This accessible and lively book is the ideal starting point for students and general readers who want to know more about this important country.
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La République de Chine, repliée à Taiwan en 1949, a conservé une indépendance de fait. Mais les autorités communistes n’ont pas renoncé à réunifier formellement l’île à la Chine populaire. Outre une pression militaire croissante, la politique irrédentiste de Pékin a tablé sur l’intégration économique entre les deux rives du détroit de Formose. Répondant aussitôt aux mesures préférentielles qui leur ont été offertes, les industriels insulaires ont opéré un vaste mouvement de délocalisation de leurs activités sur le continent. Fragments d’une nation déchirée par des revendications contradictoires, ces entrepreneurs sont les vecteurs d’une unité de la Chine imposée par le Parti communiste, voulue mais différée par le Parti nationaliste, rejetée par les partis indépendantistes taiwanais. Dans cette guerre civile inachevée, les logiques sociales s’imbriquent au conflit de souveraineté. Les acteurs transnationaux ont pu s’affranchir d’une législation sécuritaire ou tirer parti des modes de gouvernement de la Chine des réformes pour reconfigurer, à terme, la scène démocratique taiwanaise et, par là même, les rapports entre Pékin et Taipei. Dans son irréductible spécificité, la question de Taiwan éclaire le rapport de l’économique au politique : une opération fictive de dépolitisation a présidé à l’ouverture de la frontière sino-taiwanaise afin d’ajourner toute résolution du conflit de souveraineté. Renouvelant la sociologie et l’économie politique des relations internationales, l’auteur apporte un éclairage aigu sur l’un des différends territoriaux qui font de l’Asie orientale une zone de risques majeurs.
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