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Developments in literary methodologies and archaeology have led scholars to question the traditional conception of biblical chronology and historiography. The starting point for Maximalist studies is the idea that the biblical story should simply be taken as true. However this position is indefensible from a scientific standpoint. Minimalists consider that everything began either during the Achaemenid period, around 400 years before our own era, or even later during the Hellenistic period. They claim that the Bible is a purely ideological construct and that the first known manuscripts date precisely from this era. However the material cultures and traditions underpinning the Hebrew Bible are often older than the Persian era.

Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Christianity --- Moses --- Moïse --- Moiseĭ --- Moisés --- Mosè --- Mosheh --- Mosheh, --- Mosis --- Moyshe, --- Mózes --- Mūsá --- Nabī Mūsá --- משה --- משה, --- Bible --- philology --- history --- Old Testament

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For many years it has been recognized that the key to explaining the production of the Bible lies in understanding the profession, the practice and the mentality of scribes in the ancient Near East, classical Greece and the Greco-Roman world. In many ways, however, the production of the Jewish literary canon, while reflecting wider practice, constitutes an exception because of its religious function as the written "word of God", leading in turn to the veneration of scrolls as sacred and even cultic objects in themselves. "Writing the Bible" brings together the wide-ranging study of all major aspects of ancient writing and writers. The essays cover the dissemination of texts, book and canon formation, and the social and political effects of writing and of textual knowledge. Central issues discussed include the status of the scribe, the nature of 'authorship', the relationship between copying and redacting, and the relative status of oral and written knowledge. The writers examined include Ilimilku of Ugarit, the scribes of ancient Greece, Ben Sira, Galen, Origen and the author of Pseudo-Clement.

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La recherche de ces dernières quarante années a montré que les cinq livres formant la première partie de la Bible hébraïque (le Pentateuque) ont été rédigés pour l'essentiel à l'époque perse, soit entre le VIe et le IVe siècles avant J.-C. Après avoir présenté de façon synthétique l'état de la recherche sur ces livres, les quatre auteurs exposent ce que nous pouvons savoir aujourd'hui de leurs intentions, de leurs milieux de production et de leurs destinataires. Ils consacrent également un chapitre à la province de Juda (Yehud) à l'époque perse. Cette discussion, à la fois ample et synthétique, pose les bases pour la partie la plus novatrice du livre qui consiste à examiner les principaux thèmes clés du Pentateuque : la Torah, la géographie, la composition ethnique de la population, Yahvé et les autres divinités, les conceptions du culte, sans oublier évidemment Moïse, considéré jusqu au XVIIIe siècle comme l'auteur de ces livres. Avec ses multiples entrées, ce livre offre des accès inédits au Pentateuque et met à disposition d'un large public intéressé des informations jusqu'à présent accessibles uniquement aux spécialistes

Bible OT. Pentateuch