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Weights and measures, Greek --- Weights and measures, Roman --- Weights and measures, Byzantine --- Silifke Müzesi --- Weights and measures --- Money --- History --- Weights and measures - Turkey - History --- Money - Turkey - History --- Weights and measures, Greek - History --- Weights and measures, Roman - History --- Weights and measures, Byzantine - History

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A multitude of measurement units exist within astronomy, some of which are unique to the subject, causing discrepancies that are particularly apparent when astronomers collaborate with researchers from other disciplines in science and engineering. The International System of Units (SI) is based on seven fundamental units from which other units may be derived, but many astronomers are reluctant to drop their old and familiar systems. This handbook demonstrates the ease with which transformations from old units to SI units may be made. Using worked examples, the author argues that astronomers would benefit greatly if the reporting of astronomical research and the sharing of data were standardized to SI units. Each chapter reviews a different SI base unit, clarifying the connection between these units and those currently favoured by astronomers. This is an essential reference for all researchers in astronomy and astrophysics, and will also appeal to advanced students.

Communication in astronomy. --- Metric system. --- International metric system --- International system of units --- SI (Weights and measures) --- SI-metric --- Weights and measures --- Astronomy

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Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Weights and measures --- Measurement --- Calibration. --- Quality control.

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Measurements are a central institutional component of markets and economic exchange. By the nineteenth century, the measurement system in Britain was desperately in need of revision: a multiplicity of measurement standards, proliferation of local or regional weights and measures, and a confusing array of measurement practices made everyday measurements unreliable. Aashish Velkar uncovers how metrology and economic logic alone failed to make 'measurements' reliable, and discusses the importance of localised practices in shaping trust in them. Markets and Measurements in Nineteenth-Century Britain steers away from the traditional explanations of measurement reliability based on the standardisation and centralisation of metrology; the focus is on changing measurement practices in local economic contexts. Detailed case studies from the industrial revolution suggest that such practices were path-dependent and 'anthropocentric'. Therefore, whilst standardised metrology may have improved precision, it was localised practices that determined the reliability and trustworthiness of measurements in economic contexts.

Weights and measures --- Metrology --- Science --- Measurement --- Measures --- Physics --- Units of measurement --- Weight (Physics) --- History --- Great Britain --- Commerce --- Arts and Humanities

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This book provides a detailed discussion and commentary on the fundamentals of metrology. The fundamentals of metrology, the principles underlying the design of the SI International System of units, the theory of measurement error, a new methodology for estimation of measurement accuracy based on uncertainty, and methods for reduction of measured results and estimation of measurement uncertainty are all discussed from a modern point of view. The concept of uncertainty is shown to be consistent with the classical theory of accuracy. The theory of random measurement errors is supplemented by a very general description based on the generalized normal distribution; systematic instrumental error is described in terms of a methodology for normalizing the metrological characteristics of measuring instruments. A new international system for assuring uniformity of measurements based on agreements between national metrological institutes is discussed, in addition to the role and procedure for performance of key comparisons between national standards. The conclusion describes a new methodology for assurance of measurement accuracy (based on the provisions contained in the ISO 5725-series standards) that is now becoming more and more common around the world. All of the theoretical statements and calculation methods are illustrated using examples. This book will be of interest to personnel working in government metrological services (or in the metrological services of legal entities), and to specialists who use measuring instruments or make use of measured data in their daily activities It will be useful to students at technical universities when studying the academic disciplines of Metrology, Standardization, and Certification; Metrology and Measurement Assurance; and Metrology and Measuring Instruments.

Measurement. --- Physics. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Weights & Measures --- Technology - General --- Metrology. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Probabilities. --- Physical measurements. --- Quality control. --- Reliability. --- Industrial safety. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Science --- Measurement --- Weights and measures