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Book
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,
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This report is structured as follows. Chapter one analyzes the performance of Kazakhstan s trade. Chapter two presents an overview of recent developments in Kazakhstan regional and international trade integration. Chapter three examines in detail key issues related to market access, focusing on non-tariff measures and trade facilitation and logistics. Chapter four examines the services sector and offers a roadmap for actions to enhance its competitiveness. Chapter five addresses building institutional capacity for the trade and competitiveness agenda. The report s recommendations are summarized in the following table. In order of the four main messages of the report, they cover balancing regional and international integration efforts, measures to improve access to inputs and export markets by reducing non-tariff barriers and through trade facilitation measures, raising the quality and efficiency of the services sector, and strengthening institutional capacity to implement an effective trade policy and competitiveness agenda.
Access to Markets --- Agriculture --- Commodity Prices --- Developing Countries --- E-Commerce --- Economic Development --- Economies of Scale --- Export Competitiveness --- Export Development and Competitiveness --- Exporters --- External Shocks --- Financial Crisis --- Financial Services --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Free Trade --- Free Trade Agreements --- Fuels --- Gdp --- Global Economy --- Gross Domestic Product --- Human Capital --- Information Technology --- Insurance --- Job Creation --- Liberalization --- Living Standards --- Middle-Income Countries --- Natural Resources --- Per Capita Income --- Regulators --- Risk Management --- Telecommunications --- Total Factor Productivity --- Trade and Integration --- Trade Barriers --- Trade Facilitation --- Trade Policy --- Transaction Costs --- Transparency --- Transport --- Transport Costs --- Unskilled Workers --- Wages --- World Development Indicators --- World Trade Organization
Book
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,
Abstract | Keywords | Export | Availability | Bookmark
Loading...Choose an application
- Reference Manager
- EndNote
- RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)
This chapter highlights the growing global and European financial inclusion agenda and provides a brief assessment of vulnerability and labor market outcomes for Roma in Eastern Europe. Financial inclusion is considered by many to be among the main instruments to improve welfare, especially among the poor, which need financial services as much as, if not more, than non-poor, to reduce vulnerability and improve self-employment. Following a brief description of the main data sources used in the analysis, the chapter highlights the very high levels of vulnerability and exclusion among Roma in Eastern Europe and the poor labor market outcomes by any measure, including extremely low employment rates and high informality. Against this background, the following chapters assess financial exclusion among Roma, and self-employment levels and (credit) barriers to starting businesses. The final chapter highlights international experiences promoting comprehensive, incremental approaches to financial inclusion.
Access to Finance --- Accounting --- Administrative Costs --- Advisory Services --- Affordability --- Agricultural Sector --- Bank Accounts --- Banking Sector --- Business Development --- Business Development Services --- Central Banks --- Collateral --- Commercial Banks --- Cooperatives --- Corporate Social Responsibility --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Discrimination --- Education For the Knowledge Economy --- Employment and Unemployment --- Entrepreneurs --- Exchange Rates --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Institutions --- Financial Literacy --- Financial Sector --- Gender --- Home Ownership --- Household Income --- Housing --- Human Development --- Indigenous Peoples --- Inequality --- Information Asymmetry --- Labor Market --- Microcredit --- Microenterprises --- Mortgages --- Other Human Development --- Private Sector Development --- Purchasing Power --- Savings --- Secondary Education --- Small and Medium Size Enterprises --- Social Protections and Labor --- Social Responsibility --- Unemployment --- Unskilled Workers --- Water Supply
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