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Through words and images employed both by individuals and by a range of communities across the Graeco-Roman worlds, this book explores the complexity of multilingual representations of identity. Starting with the advent of literacy in the Mediterranean, it encompasses not just the Greek and Roman empires but also the transformation of the Graeco-Roman world under Islam and within the medieval mind. By treating a range of materials, contexts, languages, and temporal and political boundaries, the contributors consider points of cross-cultural similarity and difference and the changing linguistic landscape of East and West from antiquity into the medieval period. Insights from contemporary multilingualism theory and interdisciplinary perspectives are employed throughout to exploit the material fully.

Multilingualism --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language and languages --- History --- Rome --- Mediterranean Region --- Languages. --- Languages --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Arts and Humanities

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Placing the reading of history in its cultural and educational context, and examining the processes by which ideas about ancient Rome circulated, this study provides the first assessment of the significance of Roman history, broadly conceived, in early modern England. The existing scholarship, preoccupied with republicanism in the decades before the Civil Wars, and focusing on the major drama of the period, has distorted our understanding of what ancient history really meant to early modern readers. This study articulates the connections between the history of education, reading and writing, and challenges the schools of historical thought which associate a particular classical source with one set of readings; here, for the first time, is an in-depth analysis of the role of Roman history in creating an English latinate culture which encompassed far wider debates and ideas than the purely political.

Books and reading --- History --- Great Britain --- Rome --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Civilization --- Roman influences. --- Study and teaching --- Historiography.

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"As a statesman a genius of the first order" was Theodor Mommsen's verdict in 1886 on Diocletian, the Dalmatian whose career took him from a released slave to Emperor. Diocletian stabilised the Imperium after it had been thrown into turmoil in the imperial crisis of the period of military anarchy. After his abdication in 305, he retired to the magnificent palace of Spalato (Split, Croatia) built for his old age. Although his arrangements for the succession, his price controls and his anti-Christian policies were not a lasting success, his comprehensive reforms created the basis for Constantine and the transition to the Late Classical Age. Renowned scholars from Germany, Great Britain, Croatia, Slovenia and Switzerland contributed to an international conference held in Split in 2003. Their papers collected here show the present state of research on the Tetrarchy in its political, social, economic, ideological, historico-religious and archaeological aspects and on the reception of Diocletian up to modern times. "Ein staatsmännisches Genie ersten Ranges", so nannte Theodor Mommsen 1886 Diokletian, jenen Dalmatiner, der es vom Freigelassenen bis zum Kaiser gebracht hatte. Diokletian hat das in der Reichskrise der Soldatenkaiserzeit zerrüttete Imperium wieder stabilisiert und sich nach seiner Abdankung 305 in den großartigen Alterspalast Spalato (Split, Kroatien) zurückgezogen. Wenn er auch mit seiner Nachfolgeregelung, seiner Preiskontrolle und seiner christenfeindlichen Politik keinen dauerhaften Erfolg hatte, so boten doch seine umfassenden Reformen die Voraussetzungen für Constantin und den Übergang in die Spätantike. Die hier vorgelegten Beiträge der 2003 in Split durchgeführten internationalen Tagung namhafter Gelehrter aus Deutschland, Großbritannien, Kroatien, Slowenien und der Schweiz präsentieren die Forschungslage zur Tetrarchie, zu ihren politischen, sozialen, ökonomischen, ideologischen, religionshistorischen und archäologischen Aspekten sowie zur Rezeption Diokletians bis in die Neuzeit.

Diocletian, --- Diocletianus, --- Dioklecijan, --- Diokletian, --- Diokghetianos, --- Diocleziano, --- Diocleciano, --- Cayo Aurelio Valerio Diocleciano, --- Rome --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- History --- Diocletian, Emperor of Rome --- Congresses --- Diocletian, 284-305 --- Empire, 284-476 --- Diokletian. --- Rezeption. --- Tetrarchie. --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Tetrarchy --- Diocletian

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The Periplus Maris Erythraei, "Circumnavigation of the Red Sea," is the single most important source of information for ancient Rome's maritime trade in these waters (i.e., the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and western Indian Ocean). Written in the first century A.D. by a Greek merchant or skipper, it is a short manual for the traders who sailed from the Red Sea ports of Roman Egypt to buy and sell in the various ports along the coast of eastern Africa, southern Arabia, and western India. This edition, in many ways the culmination of a lifetime of study devoted to Rome's merchant marine and her trade with the east, provides an improved text of the Periplus, along with a lucid and reliable translation, a comprehensive general commentary that treats in particular the numerous obscure place-names and technical terms that occur, and a technical commentary that deals with grammatical, lexicographical, and textual matters for readers competent in Greek. An extensive introduction places the Periplus in its historical context.

Commerce --- History --- Histoire --- Rome --- -Trade --- Economics --- Business --- Transportation --- -Rome --- -History. --- History. --- -History --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Classical geography --- Red Sea --- Indian Ocean --- E-books --- Commerce. --- Classical atlases --- Geography, Classical --- Geography, Ancient --- Erythraean Sea --- Sinus Arabicus --- Yam Suf --- Yam Sup --- Commerce - History - To 500 --- Rome - Commerce - History

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Der Bestand an Militärdiplomen, Dokumenten, die aus der kaiserlichen Zentrale stammen, hat sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten etwa vervierfacht. Sie ermöglichen neue Einblicke in die kaiserliche Politik und Administration sowie in bislang kaum bekannte politische Spannungssituationen. So erbrachte z. B.die Analyse der gesamten Auxiliardiplome neue Erkenntnisse zu den Motiven der Politik von Kaiser Antoninus Pius gegenüber dem Heer. Aus dem Fomular bestimmter Konstitutionen, die für das Heer in der Provinz Niedergermanien ausgegeben wurden, konnten Rückschlüsse auf die Loyalitätsprobleme des dortigen Heeres und eine drohende Militärrevolte zu Beginn der Herrschaft Kaiser Traians gezogen werden.

Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Bureaucracy --- Rome --- Politics and government --- Social sciences. --- Sociology. --- Social Sciences. --- Sociology, general. --- Interorganizational relations --- Political science --- Public administration --- Organizational sociology --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- E-books --- History. --- Politics and government.