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Macrophages are tissue resident phagocytes that have important roles in development and immunity. The observation that cancers become infiltrated by large numbers of macrophages was first made by Virchow in 1863, clinical and experimental studies suggest tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are critical to promote carcinogenesis and tumor-progression, however to this day it still isn’t clear what regulates the recruitment of macrophages in tumors and what drives their pro-tumor functions. This volume will provide an overview of current research on the form and function of TAM, highlighting both the mechanistic roles they play in carcinogenesis and tumor progression as well as the molecular mechanisms that control their phenotype and function, and the final chapter addresses the issue of TAM as a potential target in cancer therapy.

Cancer -- Research. --- Macrophages. --- Tumors. --- Macrophages --- Tumors --- Immunology --- Cancer --- Disease Attributes --- Mononuclear Phagocyte System --- Phagocytes --- Connective Tissue Cells --- Myeloid Cells --- Diseases --- Cells --- Immune System --- Pathologic Processes --- Anatomy --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Neoplasms --- Disease Progression --- Biology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Growth --- Immunological aspects --- Tumours --- Histiocytes --- Mononuclear phagocytes --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Pathology --- Cysts (Pathology) --- Antigen presenting cells --- Connective tissue cells --- Killer cells --- Reticulo-endothelial system

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Natural killer T (NKT) cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that respond to lipid, not protein, antigens presented by CD1d, which is a non-classical MHC class I-like molecule.  This relatively small but pivotal T cell population bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immunity by rapidly produce large amounts of many kinds of cytokines and by providing the T cell arm of the adaptive immune system a mechanism to detect lipid antigens. NKT cells also have both regulatory and effector functions and have been shown to play critical roles in the regulation of immune responses in many disease settings including cancer. Stimulating the protective functions of NKT cells while inhibiting the negative regulatory activity shows promise for the therapy of cancer and several approaches are in clinical trials.               This book reviews what we have learned about NKT cells during last two decades through functional studies in the context of tumor immunology, including clinical trials of NKT cell targeted therapy.  This knowledge should also be informative to understand the role of this underappreciated T cell population in many other fields outside of tumor immunology.

Killer cells. --- T cells. --- Tumors -- Immunological aspects. --- T cells --- Killer cells --- Tumors --- Immunological tolerance --- T-Lymphocytes --- Immune System Processes --- Immunomodulation --- Immune System Phenomena --- Lymphocytes --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Phenomena and Processes --- Leukocytes --- Blood Cells --- Immune System --- Cells --- Blood --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Anatomy --- Immune Tolerance --- Natural Killer T-Cells --- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic --- Biology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Oncology --- Immunological aspects --- Tumors. --- Neoplasms --- Tumours --- T lymphocytes --- Thymus-dependent cells --- Thymus-dependent lymphocytes --- Thymus-derived cells --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Pathology --- Cysts (Pathology) --- Oncology. --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Cancer research --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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Mounting evidence in the past decade indicates that innate immunity mediates functions above and beyond first-line defense against infection. It is now appreciated that innate immune mechanisms are critically involved in the development of adaptive immunity and, moreover, the regulation of diverse physiological and homeostatic processes. The latter explains why deregulation of innate immunity may lead to pathological disorders that are not necessarily or directly related to host defense. This Volume compiles the latest advances in this rapidly evolving field as presented by eminent scientists at the 7th International Aegean Conference on Innate Immunity in Rhodes, Greece. It includes topics related to the biology and function of Toll-like and other pattern-recognition receptors, complement and its crosstalk with other physiological systems, inflammatory mechanisms and diseases, natural killer cells, and the cooperative interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells. This book is an excellent source of information for researchers and clinicians with interests in immunology, host-microbe interactions, and infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Complement (Immunology) -- Congresses. --- Killer cells -- Congresses. --- Natural immunity -- Congresses. --- Biological Processes --- Receptors, Immunologic --- Lymphocytes --- Microbiological Processes --- Immunity --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Biological Phenomena --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Immune System Phenomena --- Membrane Proteins --- Phenomena and Processes --- Leukocytes --- Proteins --- Immune System --- Blood Cells --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Blood --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Killer Cells, Natural --- Adaptive Immunity --- Receptors, Pattern Recognition --- Immunity, Innate --- Host-Pathogen Interactions --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Natural immunity --- Killer cells --- Complement (Immunology) --- Alexin --- Complements (Immunity) --- K cells --- Natural killer cells --- NK cells --- Disease resistance --- Host resistance --- Innate immunity --- Innate resistance --- Native immunity --- Natural resistance --- Nonspecific immunity --- Resistance to disease --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Pharmacology. --- Virology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Microbiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physiological effect --- Blood proteins --- Immunocompetent cells --- Cell-mediated cytotoxicity --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Medical virology. --- Toxicology. --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Toxicology