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This special issue of Defect and Diffusion Forum contains selected refereed papers which were presented at the 7th International Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids (DSL-2011) held on the 26 to 30th June 2011 at the Hilton Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal. The goal of the conference was to provide a unique opportunity to exchange information, to present the latest results and review burning issues in contemporary diffusion research. Young scientists were especially encouraged to attend the conference and to establish international links with established scientists.

Diffusion --- Heat --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Transmission.

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Advances in Heat Transfer fills the information gap between regularly scheduled journals and university-level textbooks by providing in-depth review articles over a broader scope than in journals or texts. The articles, which serve as a broad review for experts in the field, will also be of great interest to non-specialists who need to keep up-to-date with the results of the latest research. This serial is essential reading for all mechanical, chemical and industrial engineers working in the field of heat transfer, graduate schools or industry.Advances in Heat Transfer fi

Fluid mechanics. --- Heat -- Transmission. --- Heat transfer. --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Heat --- Heat. --- Transmission. --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Electromagnetic waves --- Physics --- Cold --- Combustion --- Fire --- Temperature --- Thermochemistry --- Thermodynamics --- Energy transfer

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Thermodynamics is an essential part of chemical physics and is of fundamental importance in physics, chemistry and engineering courses. This textbook takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject and is therefore suitable for undergraduates in all those courses. The book is an introduction to phenomenological thermodynamics and its applications to phase transitions and chemical reactions, with some references to statistical mechanics. It strikes the balance between the rigorousness of the Callen text and phenomenological approach of the Atkins text. The book is divided in three parts. The first introduces the postulates and laws of thermodynamics and complements these initial explanations with practical examples. The second part is devoted to applications of thermodynamics to phase transitions in pure substances and mixtures. The third part covers thermodynamic systems in which chemical reactions take place. There are some sections on more advanced topics such as thermodynamic potentials, natural variables, non-ideal mixtures and electrochemical reactions, which make this book of suitable also to post-graduate students. Robert Hołyst (1963) is a professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences. He specializes in statistical physics, physical chemistry, biologistics and soft matter physics. He has published 182 papers and 2 books. He presented his works at multiple universities/institutes, e.g. Harvard, MIT, University of Chicago, ESPCI-Paris, ENS-Paris, several Max Planck Institutes, University of Tokyo, Oxford and Cambridge. He has over 17 years experience in teaching thermodynamics for undergraduate students. Andrzej Poniewierski (1951), professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences; published 53 papers and two books, specializes in soft matter and statistical physics, liquid crystals and applications of density functional theory to complex fluids. He has also taught thermodynamics for undergraduate students for several years.

Thermodynamics. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Thermodynamics --- Heat engineering. --- Physics. --- Energy. --- Physical chemistry. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Energy, general. --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Engineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry

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The potential of hydrogen as an important future energy source has generated fresh interest in the study of hydrogenous gas mixtures. Indeed, both its high caloricity and reactivity are unique properties, the latter underscoring safety considerations when handling such mixtures.   The present monograph is devoted to the various aspects of hydrogen combustion and explosion processes. In addition to theoretical and phenomenological considerations, this work also collates the results of many experiments from less well known sources. The text reviews the literature in this respect, thereby providing valuable information about the thermo-gas-dynamical parameters of combustion processes for selected experimental settings in a range of scientific and industrial applications.

Gas dynamics. --- Hydrogen -- Combustion. --- Hydrogen as fuel. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Chemistry --- Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Thermodynamics --- Chemical Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Hydrogen --- Thermodynamics. --- Combustion. --- Gasdynamics --- Engineering. --- Energy systems. --- Fluids. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Energy Systems. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Fluid dynamics --- Nonmetals --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Hydraulics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Mechanical engineering

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Models of geological objects are tools for interpolation and extrapolation of available data in space and time continuously. Real structures of the objects are unknown, and their models and simulated results carry uncertainty which cannot be evaluated in a provable way. The real issue is obtaining effective predictions in a reasonably defined sense. This requires a knowledge of mechanisms that convert actual geological properties into effective model parameters. These mechanisms are introduced in the book. They reveal that effective parameters are not statistics but characteristics optimizing the system made up by geological surroundings, their models, predictive problem formulations, including mathematical models of the simulated processes, boundary conditions, monitoring networks, criteria of efficiency and even by time. Examples of evaluating and applying transformation for assigning effective parameters and solving inverse problems are presented.

Hydrogeological modeling. --- Hydrogeological modeling --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Geography --- Hydrogeology --- Groundwater. --- Mathematical models. --- Ground water --- Subterranean water --- Underground water --- Water, Underground --- Earth sciences. --- Hydrogeology. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Environmental sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Math. Appl. in Environmental Science. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Geography. --- Engineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection