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Having succeeded in establishing themselves in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, in the early 16th century Spain and Portugal became the first imperial powers on a worldwide scale. Between 1580 and 1640, when these two entities were united, they achieved an almost global hegemony, constituting the largest political force in Europe and abroad. Although they lost their political primacy in the seventeenth century, both monarchies survived and were able to enjoy a relative success until the early 19th century. The aim of this collection is to answer the question how and why their cultural and political legacies persist to date.Part I focuses on the construction of the monarchy, examining the ways different territories integrated in the imperial network mainly by inquiring to what extent local political elites maintained their autonomy, and to what a degree they shared power with the royal administration. Part II deals primarily with the circulation of ideas, models and people, observing them as they move in space but also as they coincide in the court, which was a veritable melting pot in which the various administrations that served the Kings and the various territories belonging to the monarchy developed their own identities, fought for recognition, and for what they considered their proper place in the global hierarchy. Part III explains the forms of dependence and symbiosis established with other European powers, such as Genoa and the United Provinces. Attempting to reorient the politics of these states, political and financial co-dependence often led to bad economic choices.

World history --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Latin America --- Portugal --- Africa --- Spain --- Imperialism --- Impérialisme --- History --- Histoire --- Espagne --- Imperialism. --- 1500-1700. --- Portugal. --- Spain. --- Foreign relations --- Colonies --- History. --- Impérialisme --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Political science --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- --XVIe-XVIIe s., --- --Portugal --- --Habsbourg --- --History --- Imperialism - History - 16th century --- Imperialism - History - 17th century --- XVIe-XVIIe s., 1501-1700 --- Habsbourg --- Spain - History - House of Austria, 1516-1700 --- Portugal - History - Spanish dynasty, 1580-1640