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South Ossetia War, 2008 --- Territorial questions. --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Membership. --- Russia (Federation) --- United States --- Georgia (Republic) --- Foreign relations
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South Ossetia War, 2008 --- Territorial questions. --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Membership. --- Russia (Federation) --- United States --- Georgia (Republic) --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations
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World War, 1939-1945 --- Nationalism --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Nationalisme --- Occupied territories. --- Territorial questions --- Collaborationists --- History --- Territoires occupés --- Questions territoriales --- Collaborateurs --- Histoire --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Central --- Europe de l'Est --- Europe centrale --- Boundaries --- Frontières
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Arab-Israeli conflict --- Conflit israélo-arabe --- Boundaries. --- POLITICAL CONDITIONS. --- POLITICAL HISTORY. --- TERRITORIES OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL. --- PALESTINE QUESTION. --- Territorial questions. --- Questions territoriales. --- Israel. --- West Bank. --- Near East conflict --- Territorial question --- Israel
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The First World War did not end in november 1918. In Russia and Eastern Europe it finished up to a year earlier, and both there and elsewhere in Europe it triggered conflicts that lasted until 1923. Paramilitary formations were prominent in this continuation of the war. They had some features of formal military organizations but were used in opposition to the regular military as an instrument of revolution or as an adjunct or substitute for military forces when these were unable by themselves to put down a revolution (whether class or national). Paramilitary violence thus arose in different contexts. It was an important aspect of the violence unleashed by class revolution in Russia. It structured the counter-revolution in Central and Eastern Europe, including Finland and Italy, which reacted against a mythic version of Bolshevik class violence in the name of order and authority. It also shaped the struggles over borders and ethnicity in the new states that replaced the multi-national empires of Russia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey. It was prominent on all sides in the wars for Irish independence. In many cases, paramilitary violence was charged with political significance and acquired a long-lasting symbolism and influence. This volume explores the differences and similarities between these various kinds of paramilitary violence within one volume for the first time. It thereby contributes to our understanding of the difficult transitions from war to peace. It also helps to re-situate the Great War in a longer-term context and to explain its enduring impact.
Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) --- Forces paramilitaires --- Violence politique --- Questions territoriales --- Paix --- Europe --- Histoire --- Autonomie et mouvements indépendantistes --- Politique et gouvernement --- Territorial questions --- Political violence --- Paramilitary forces --- World War, 1914-1918 --- Première guerre mondiale --- History --- Peace. --- Autonomy and independence movements. --- Politics and government --- Autonomie et mouvements indépendantistes --- Paix. --- Autonomie et mouvements indépendantistes. --- Military history, Modern --- History.
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This book is the first ever in-depth look at the geographic peace plans used by the United States at the end of World War I. It analyzes the negotiation and implementation of these plans and analyzes the lasting impact of the territorial settlements on the ensuing history of Europe and the Middle East.
World War, 1914-1918 --- Territorial questions. --- Peace. --- Wilson, Woodrow, --- Wei-erh-hsün, --- Vilʹson, Vudro, --- Wilson, Thomas Woodrow, --- Wilson, T. W. --- Wiruson, Wuddorō, --- Wilson, Tommy, --- 威爾遜, --- Paris Peace Conference --- Conférence de la paix --- Conferenza di pace di Parigi --- Friedenskonferenz --- Konferencja Pokojowa w Paryżu --- Pa-li ho hui --- Paris. --- Pariser Friedenskonferenz --- Parisiin Rauhankonferenssia --- Parizhskai︠a︡ mirnai︠a︡ konferent︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Peace Conference at Paris --- Preliminary Peace Conference --- Versailles Peace Conference --- Peace Commission --- Kunfirāns-i Ṣulḥ-i Pārīs --- کنفرانس صلح پاريس --- Conferința de Pace de la Paris-Versailles --- Parīzes Miera konference --- Europe --- Middle East --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Boundaries --- History --- Territorial questions --- Peace --- Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) --- 20th century --- Wilson, Woodrow Thomas, 1856-1924
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What were the consequences of the German occupation for the economy of occupied Europe? After Germany conquered major parts of the European continent, it was faced with a choice between plundering the suppressed countries and using their economies to supply its needs. The choices made not only differed from country to country, but also changed over the course of the war. Individual leaders; the economic needs of the Reich; the military situation; struggles between governors of occupied countries and Berlin officials; and finally racism, all had an impact on the outcome. In some countries the e
World War, 1939-1945 --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Economic order --- History of Europe --- anno 1940-1949 --- anno 1930-1939 --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Aspect économique --- Conditions économiques --- World War (1939-1945) --- E-books --- Antisemitism --- Jews --- History --- Occupied territories. --- Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. --- Anti-Jewish attitudes --- Anti-Semitism --- Ethnic relations --- Prejudices --- Philosemitism --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Collaborationists --- Territorial questions --- Underground movements --- Nazi Party --- NSDAP --- National Socialist German Labor Party --- Partito nazionalsocialista dei lavoratori tedeschi --- Kokumin Shakaishugi Doitsu Rōdōshatō --- Partido Nacionalsocialista --- National Socialist German Workers Party --- NSVSP --- Nacionālsociālistiskā vācu strādnieku partija --- Nachitō --- Partia Narodowosocjalistyczna --- Narodowosocjalistyczna Niemiecka Partia Robotnicza --- NSGWP --- Partido Obrero Alemán Nacionalsocialista --- Narodowo-Socjalistyczna Niemiecka Robotnicza Partja --- N.S.D.A.P. --- Partido Nazista --- מפלגה הנאצית --- נאצים
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Die nationalsozialistische Besatzung Europas wirkte massiv auf die Volkswirtschaften aller betroffenen Gebiete ein. Die Proklamation eines Großwirtschaftsraums eröffnete die Perspektive der Grenzenlosigkeit. Den zur Verwaltung der besetzten Gebiete delegierten Beamten und Militärs gingen mitunter die rationalen Maßstäbe für die wirtschaftliche Ausbeutung verloren. Auf der anderen Seite waren sie bei der Durchsetzung ihrer Ziele auf die bürokratischen Mittel angewiesen, die ihnen aus ihrer bisherigen Tätigkeit vertraut waren. Mit Beiträgen von: Steen Andersen, Jaromir Balcar, Marcel Boldorf, Jordi Catalan, Harold James, Hervé Joly, Jaroslav Kucera, Sergei Kudryashov, Kim Oosterlinck, Jonas Scherner, Harald Wixforth, Andrzej Wrzyszcz.
World War, 1939-1945 --- Economic aspects --- Occupied territories. --- Germany --- Europe --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Collaborationists --- Territorial questions --- Underground movements --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Weimar Republic --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Германия --- BRD --- FRN --- Jirmānīya --- جرمانيا --- Nimechchyna --- Gjermani --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Ashkenaz --- Germanyah --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Deutschland --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República Federal de Alemania --- Alemania --- República de Alemania --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- KhBNGU --- ХБНГУ --- German Uls --- Germania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Deutsches Reich --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Weimarer Republik --- Vācijā --- ドイツ --- Doitsu --- ドイツ連邦共和国 --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : British Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : French Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : Russian Zone) --- Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone) --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Holy Roman Empire --- ドイツ レンポウ キョウワコク --- Deguo --- 德国 --- Gėrman --- Герман Улс
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