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This chapter summarised current knowledge on thymic senescence, a central immune tissue that suffers significant morphological changes and functional impairment during ageing. The epithelial network is in focus that provides the niche for developing thymocytes until adipose involution begins. We have discussed physiological thymic epithelial senescence in detail with respect to the signalling pathways involved in the process (Kvell et al. 2010). It has also been shown that steroid induced accelerated rate thymic epithelial senescence quite resembles physiological rate senescence (except for its speed) at the molecular level (Talaber et al. 2011). The data presented confirm that Wnt4 can efficiently rescue thymic epithelial cells from steroid-induced adipose involution at the molecular level (Talaber et al. 2011). Since physiological and steroid-induced thymic epithelial senescence are identical at the molecular level, it is anticipated that sustained Wnt4 presence in the thymic context can efficiently prolong FoxN1 expression, maintain thymic epithelial identity and prevent transdifferentiation towards adipocyte lineage. The same works identify LAP2[alpha] as a pro-ageing molecular factor promoting the trans-differentiation of thymic epithelial cells into preadipocytes via EMT. The thymus selective decrease of LAP2[alpha] activity through small molecule compounds could theoretically shift the delicate molecular balance towards the same direction as increased Wnt4 presence.

Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular signal transduction --- Research.

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Cellular signal transduction. --- Intracellular calcium. --- Cellular calcium --- Calcium in the body --- Second messengers (Biochemistry) --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology

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The ability of plants to exchange RNA molecules and transcription factors between cells and tissues is a relatively recent discovery. However, all areas of research such as plant development, metabolism, and plant pathogen interactions now realize the importance of this phenomenon. In this book, experts from the field of intercellular transport deal with various aspects on intercellular transport of viruses and plant endogenous macromolecules such as transcription factors, small silencing-induced and micro RNAs, and other RNAs and their function as signals. The aim of the book is to provide the basic information on the cell-to-cell transport mechanism and to give an overview of the current knowledge of this relatively new field of research. To quote the words of W.J. Lucas  “…pioneering discoveries in this field of cell-to-cell and long-distance signaling should certainly entice talented young scholars to join this frontier area of plant biology” . He is certainly right as we got only a first glimpse on the cellular factors regulating intercellular transport and the functional diversity of the ever-increasing number of proteins and RNA molecules found to move between cells. About the Author: Dr. Kragler is lecturer of plant cell biology at the University of Vienna and the University of Potsdam. After his postdoctorial research as a Schrödinger Fellow in the laboratory of W.J. Lucas at UC-Davis and as group leader at the Max. F. Perutz Laboratories in Vienna, Dr. Kragler joined in 2011 the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology in Golm, Germany. The main research topic of his group is on the function of intercellular transport of proteins and RNA in plants. Dr. Hülskamp holds a Full Professorship at the Botanical Institute, University of Cologne. He did his PhD on developmental biology of Drosophila melanogaster and changed the topic during his postdoctoral time at the University of Munich working with G. Jürgens and Harvard University in the laboratory of R. Pruitt. In 1994 he joined the ZMBP University of Tübingen as a group leader and accepted the current position as a Full Professor in 1999. His main research interest is the intercellular communication between plant cell in the context of developmental processes.     .

Botany. --- Plant breeding -- Genetics. --- Plant breeding. --- Plant cellular signal transduction. --- Plant genetics. --- Plant cellular signal transduction --- Plasmodesmata --- Phloem --- Plant proteins --- Cell interaction --- Small interfering RNA --- Messenger RNA --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Botany - General --- Plant Physiology --- Life sciences. --- Plant science. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Cellular signal transduction --- Plant cellular control mechanisms --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Plants --- Genetics --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Floristic botany

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Plants have evolved with a complex array of signaling molecules to facilitate their growth and development and their interactions with the environment.  A vast number of different peptide molecules form an important but until recently often overlooked component amongst these signaling molecules.  Plant peptide signals are involved in regulating meristem growth and organogenesis, modulating plant growth and homeostatic responses.  They also have important roles as signals of imminent danger or pathogen attack.  This volume focuses on the roles of various peptide signaling molecules in development, defence and homeostasis.  As it is likely that further plant peptide signaling molecules remain to be discovered, the last section takes a practical look at methods to identify new peptides and characterise their functions.

Chemical structure --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Botany --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Biochemical engineering --- systematische plantkunde --- moleculaire structuur --- protein-ligand binding constant --- protein-engineering --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- eiwitten --- planten --- moleculaire biologie --- Signal Transduction. --- Plants. --- Plant Cells. --- Peptides. --- Plant cellular signal transduction --- Peptides --- Botanical chemistry --- Transduction du signal cellulaire chez les plantes --- Chimie végétale --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVBIOLO LIVBIOMO LIVMEDEC SPRINGER-B

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Signal transduction is the fundamental mechanism for regulation of cellular activities by environmental cues and regulatory signals, and is particularly important for plants, whose survival requires proper physiological and developmental responses to the environmental changes. Much progress has been made recently in the plant signal transduction research field thanks to the development of diverse techniques which are covered in Plant Signalling Networks: Methods and Protocols. These include advanced research methods such as proteomics and mass spectrometry methods for studying protein modification, biochemical and cell biological tools for studying protein-protein interactions, genomic techniques for dissecting protein-DNA interaction and transcription networks, and computation methods that integrate molecular network into plant developmental processes. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Plant Signalling Networks: Methods and Protocols presents well-honed methodologies for a wide range of research approaches including genetics, proteomics, biochemical, cell biological, and computational approaches, and seeks to serve both professionals and novices with a comprehensive understanding of complex signaling networks in plants. .

Plant cellular signal transduction --- Plants --- Arabidopsis --- Plant Proteins --- Biochemical Processes --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Eukaryota --- Brassicaceae --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Organisms --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Angiosperms --- Chemical Processes --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Embryophyta --- Chemical Phenomena --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Phenomena and Processes --- Streptophyta --- Viridiplantae --- Signal Transduction --- Biology --- Botany --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Biophysics --- Plant cellular signal transduction. --- Arabidopsis. --- Plant Proteins. --- Plants. --- Plant --- Proteins, Plant --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- Cress, Mouse-ear --- Arabidopses --- Arabidopsis thalianas --- Cress, Mouse ear --- Cresses, Mouse-ear --- Mouse-ear Cress --- Mouse-ear Cresses --- thaliana, Arabidopsis --- Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction --- Signal Transduction Pathways --- Signal Transduction Systems --- Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction --- Signal Pathways --- Pathway, Signal --- Pathway, Signal Transduction --- Pathways, Signal --- Pathways, Signal Transduction --- Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions --- Signal Pathway --- Signal Transduction Pathway --- Signal Transduction System --- Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated --- Signal Transductions --- Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated --- System, Signal Transduction --- Systems, Signal Transduction --- Transduction, Signal --- Transductions, Signal --- Chemical Phenomenon --- Chemical Process --- Physical Chemistry Phenomena --- Physical Chemistry Process --- Physicochemical Phenomenon --- Physicochemical Process --- Chemical Concepts --- Physical Chemistry Concepts --- Physical Chemistry Processes --- Physicochemical Concepts --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Physicochemical Processes --- Chemical Concept --- Chemistry Process, Physical --- Chemistry Processes, Physical --- Concept, Chemical --- Concept, Physical Chemistry --- Concept, Physicochemical --- Concepts, Chemical --- Concepts, Physical Chemistry --- Concepts, Physicochemical --- Phenomena, Chemical --- Phenomena, Physical Chemistry --- Phenomena, Physicochemical --- Phenomenon, Chemical --- Phenomenon, Physicochemical --- Physical Chemistry Concept --- Physicochemical Concept --- Process, Chemical --- Process, Physical Chemistry --- Process, Physicochemical --- Processes, Chemical --- Processes, Physical Chemistry --- Processes, Physicochemical --- Land Plants --- Land Plant --- Plant, Land --- Plants, Land --- Cell Physiological Phenomenon --- Cell Physiological Process --- Physiology, Cell --- Cell Physiology --- Phenomena, Cell Physiological --- Phenomenon, Cell Physiological --- Physiological Process, Cell --- Physiological Processes, Cell --- Process, Cell Physiological --- Processes, Cell Physiological --- Cells --- Angiospermae --- Liliopsida --- Magnoliopsida --- Angiosperm --- Liliopsidas --- Magnoliopsidas --- Biochemical Concepts --- Biochemical Phenomenon --- Biochemical Process --- Phenomena, Biochemical --- Biochemical Concept --- Concept, Biochemical --- Concepts, Biochemical --- Phenomenon, Biochemical --- Process, Biochemical --- Processes, Biochemical --- Gene Products, Protein --- Gene Proteins --- Protein Gene Products --- Proteins, Gene --- Eucarya --- Eukarya --- Eukaryotes --- Eukaryotas --- Eukaryote --- physiology --- Green Plants --- Green Plant --- Plant, Green --- Plants, Green --- Moricandia --- Cress --- Cruciferae --- Cresses --- Moricandias --- Life sciences. --- Proteomics. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Molecular biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Floristic botany