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Die Marktforschung ist eine systematische Erhebung und Analyse samt Aufbereitung und Interpretation von Daten über Märkte, um betriebliche Informationsdefizite zu überwinden. Die durch Marktforschungsstudien gewonnenen empirischen Ergebnisse sollen dabei helfen, Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen (z. B. über den zielgerichteten Einsatz der Marketinginstrumente) abzuleiten und damit betriebswirtschaftliche Entscheidungen zu fundieren. Hintergrund dieses einführenden Lehrbuchs ist die zunehmende Anzahl an Marktforschungsstudien, die im Rahmen des Studiums an Universitäten, Hochschulen und Berufsakademien durchgeführt werden. Dieses Anliegen unterstützend, vermittelt dieses Buch einen kompakten und anwendungsbezogenen Überblick über die Möglichkeiten und praktischen Herausforderungen bei der Erhebung und Analyse von Daten über Märkte. Um dem Leser direkte Hilfestellung bei der Planung und Durchführung eigener Marktforschungsprojekte zu geben, orientiert sich der gesamte Aufbau dieses Buches an dem typischen Ablauf einer Marktforschungsstudie. Da keine erweiterten Kenntnisse der Statistik und Mathematik vorausgesetzt werden, kann das Buch sowohl als begleitende Lektüre zu Veranstaltungen der Marktforschung sowie zum Selbststudium genutzt werden.

Research. --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Research

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mathematics --- applied science --- education --- Research --- Education --- Mathematics --- Research. --- Educational research --- Mathematical research --- Science --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Math --- Industries

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Recent philosophy and history of science has seen a surge of interest in the role of concepts in scientific research. Scholars working in this new field focus on scientific concepts, rather than theories, as units of analysis and on the ways in which concepts are formed and used rather than on what they represent. They analyze what has traditionally been called the context of discovery, rather than (or in addition to) the context of justification. And they examine the dynamics of research rather than the status of the finished research results. This volume provides detailed case studies and general analyses to address questions raised by these points, such as:- Can concepts be clearly distinguished from the sets of beliefs we have about their referents?- What - if any - sense can be made of the separation between concepts and theories?- Can we distinguish between empirical and theoretical concepts?- Are there interesting similarities and differences between the role of concepts in the empirical sciences and in mathematics?- What underlying notion of investigative practice could be drawn on to explicate the role of concept in such practice? - From a philosophical point of view, is the distinction between discovery and justification a helpful frame of reference for inquiring into the dynamics of research?- From a historiographical point of view, does a focus on concepts face the danger of falling back into an old-fashioned history of ideas?

Research --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Methodology. --- Philosophy. --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Methodology --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Scientific Concepts. --- Scientific Research.

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Cancer --- Research --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Tumors

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Using a new database on Chinese food standards, this paper estimates the impact of volunta-ry and mandatory standards on its agricultural and food exports. The dataset covers seven Chinese products from 1992 to 2008. The findings here indicate that standards have a positive effect on China's export performance. Standards signal to customers that products meet certain quality measures and promote information exchange. The benefits of increased ex-ports outweigh compliance costs. Our results also show that theses positive effects are larger when the standards are consistent with international norms.

Food & Beverage Industry --- Food Standards --- Harmonization --- Information Security & Privacy --- International Economics & Trade --- Labor Policies --- Poverty Reduction --- Science Education --- Scientific Research & Science Parks --- SPS --- TBT --- Trade Barriers