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OECD's 2012 Economic Survey of Spain examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects and takes a special look at the banking crisis and youth employment.

Spain -- Economic conditions. --- Spain -- Economic policy. --- Spain. --- Economic history. --- Spain --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- España --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- イスパニア --- スペイン

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La 4e de couverture indique : "Hoy en día es un lugar común, generalmente aceptado sin crítica, que la justicia penal de la época moderna en Castilla e Indias era un compendio de todos los males posibles: venalidad, corrupción, lentitud, ineficacia y un largo etcétera de desgraciados calificativos, dignos de los mejores propagandistas de la Leyenda Negra. Hay que reconocer que la literatura del Siglo de Oro, por ejemplo, en autores como Quevedo, favoreció una imagen de la justicia del momento muy poco halagüeña; sin embargo, el investigador comprometido con la verdad histórica no puede dejarse llevar sólo por una visión tan parcial, por otra parte, presente en cualquier momento de nuestro pasado e, incluso, en la actualidad. Contemporáneamente, la conocida obra del tristemente desaparecido profesor Tomás y Valiente (El Derecho Penal de la Monarquía Absoluta. Siglos XVI-XVIII) ha dado lugar a una legión de seguidores, discípulos o no, que han pergeñado una visión de la justicia moderna acorde con el mencionado tópico de tribunales penales parciales y corruptos, inmersos en una insoportable arbitrariedad. La intención de los trabajos recogidos en el presente libro, realizados gracias a la concesión de una ayuda a la investigación del MICINN, es poner de relieve cómo el estudio de la literatura jurídica y, muy especialmente, de los numerosos procesos penales conservados nos lleva a una visión de la administración de justicia moderna situada en las antípodas de la concepción vulgar hasta ahora mantenida por la mayoría de los autores. Arbitrio judicial no significa, en absoluto, arbitrariedad, sino adaptación y adecuación de la ley penal a la época y lugar de aplicación, todo ello realizado con consentimiento regio; esto suponía la moderación de las duras leyes, cuyo principal beneficiario era el reo y, por ende, la sociedad, que veía como cercana la actuación de los tribunales de justicia, así como la misericordia con que el Rey se conducía, como administrador último de la misma; todo ello sin que faltasen, ayer como hoy, casos de fallos injustos o parciales, que, sin, embargo, podían y solían ser corregidos en apelación. "

Law --- Derecho --- Spain --- España --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- イスパニア --- スペイン --- History --- Historia

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William Walton (?1783-1857) was British agent at Santo Domingo (Haiti), one of the two states on the island of Hispaniola, over which the British had briefly fought with the French before it proclaimed its independence in 1804. Returning to England in 1809 he began to write on Spanish and South American affairs. This work was published in two volumes in 1810. Volume 2 examines the Spanish settlements on the American mainland, in California, Texas, Mexico and particularly in South America. Walton first considers the administration of these colonies. He discusses the origins of the native peoples, and the impact on them of colonization; having studied their culture, he believed that in some respects they were more advanced than Europeans. He then discusses the Spanish and Creole inhabitants of South America, and its climate and resources. Walton's object was to encourage the growth of trade between Britain and the region.

Spain --- Hispaniola --- Colonies --- History --- Española --- Haiti (Island) --- La Española --- Santo Domingo Island --- Antilles, Greater --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- España --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- イスパニア --- スペイン

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History of Spain --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- ES / Spain - Spanje - Espagne --- 331.100 --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Spain --- Commerce --- -History --- -Commerce --- -Economic conditions. --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- History --- Economic conditions.

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This study confronts the double paradox of state-regulated labor migration: while markets benefit from open borders that allow them to meet the demand for migrant workers, the boundaries of citizenship impose a degree of limitation on cross-border migration. At the same time, the exclusivity of citizenship requires closed membership, yet civil and human rights undermine the state's capacity to exclude foreigners once they are inside the country. By considering how Malaysia and Spain have responded to the demand for foreign labor, this book analyzes the unavoidable clash of markets, citizenship, and rights.

Business. --- Labor mobility -- Malaysia. --- Labor mobility -- Spain. --- Public administration. --- Sociology. --- Labor mobility --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Immigration & Emigration --- Malaysia --- Spain --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- Mobility, Labor --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Migration, Internal --- Labor supply --- Labor turnover --- E-books