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Uganda had one of the best poverty reduction performances in the world since 1992, a result of a subtle structural transformation of household livelihood portfolios, rooted in strong growth of private wage and salary employment and non-farm household enterprises, and increased agricultural productivity among agricultural households. But depth and character of growth was not the same across Uganda. This triggered rising inequality throughout the country (within and between rural and urban and all regions) resulted in many households in the North and the East being left behind while the center pulled away. The evolution of spatial inequality is tightly linked to spatial differences in public and private investments, particularly in education - a legacy of inadequate public investments and conflict in the lagging regions. Addressing this inequality in growth is Uganda's shared growth challenge.

Inequality --- Poverty --- Poverty Diagnostics --- Poverty Lines --- Poverty Monitoring & analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Investment --- Public Investment

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In 2011, India's economic growth has slowed to below 7 percent and the stock markets mirrored the weakening economic conditions, but recovered somewhat in early 2012. Industrial sector output growth briefly slipped into negative territory. On the demand side, fixed investment and consumption growth slowed. India's exports were growing very strongly through 2011 despite the worsening economic conditions in Europe, which continued to be India's most important export market. The balance of payments continued to be in surplus during April-September 2011, but the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reserves declined by a small amount since then. The rupee nevertheless depreciated by 20 percent between August and December, before recovering somewhat in early 2012. Macroeconomic policies presented a mixed picture: the central government is likely to miss the ambitious target for fiscal consolidation it had set in the FY2011-12 budget by about one percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Slippages are due to lower-than-expected revenues and increasing outlays on subsidies, which had been given low budgetary allocations in anticipation of strong policy changes, which failed to materialize. In India, the slowdown in GDP growth witnessed over the last two quarters is likely to extend into the coming fiscal year because of the weakness in investment. In FY2011-12 and FY2012-13, GDP growth is forecast to reach around 7-7.5 percent, a significant slowdown from the 9-10 percent growth in the run-up to the global financial crisis. The slowdown is at least partly caused by structural problems (power projects facing delays due to the lack of coal and gas feedstock, mining and the telecom sectors hit by corruption scandals, unavailability of land and infrastructure).

Access to Finance --- Accounting --- Agriculture --- Auctions --- Capital Flows --- Commercial Banks --- Commodity Prices --- Credit Default Swaps --- Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Debt --- Debt Markets --- Developing Countries --- Economic theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Equity Markets --- Exporters --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Crisis --- Financial Sector --- Gdp --- Household Savings --- Human Capital --- Income Tax --- Inflation --- Insurance --- Interest Rates --- Living Standards --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy --- Political Economy --- Private Investment --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Purchasing Power --- Remittances --- Savings Rate --- Securities --- Tax Exemptions --- Transparency --- Unemployment --- Wages

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The importance of the agglomeration process in facilitating growth and productivity increases in Indonesia's manufacturing sector cannot be ignored. The agglomeration process is associated with improved productivity as firms enjoy external benefits from either urbanization or from the sharing of inputs available in certain locations. Evidence suggests that Java remains the main corridor for manufacturing activities, with large cities attracting manufacturers that are looking for externalities from urbanization. However, there are signs that some firms are shifting to new locations in other cities and forming new agglomerations in areas that these firms find more favorable. With regional autonomy, issues relating to local governance, infrastructure, and uncertainties in local regulations are increasingly important and can undermine the process of agglomeration. Some programs promoting certain locations as special economic zones (SEZs) are experiencing difficulties in attracting manufacturing investors. Understanding these challenges should help policymakers to strengthen the underlying factors that facilitate manufacturing agglomeration.

Accountability --- Autonomy --- Business Environment --- Decentralization --- Economic Development --- Economics --- Economies of Scale --- Electricity --- Electronics Industry --- Employment --- Enterprise Development & Reform --- Enterprise Surveys --- Financial Institutions --- Foreign Direct Investment --- General Manufacturing --- Housing --- Human Capital --- Industrial Economics --- Industry --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Innovation --- Labor Costs --- Licensing --- Marketing --- Mobility --- Natural Resources --- Private Investment --- Private Participation in Infrastructure --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Economics --- Public Policy --- Public Safety --- Tax Administration --- Technical Training --- Traffic Volumes --- Transport --- Travel Costs --- Urbanization --- Wages

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Afghanistan is in a state of transition which involves the handover of security responsibilities from international forces to the Afghan government. However, at present, Afghanistan's economy is growing strongly as a result of an exceptionally good harvest this year. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth will most likely close the calendar year at 10 percent, a significant increase from last year's 5.8 percent. The services and construction sectors continue to grow strongly, driven mostly by continued high military spending and external aid. The good harvest has also brought Afghanistan to near food self-sufficiency and slowed inflation to 4.6 percent in July 2012 (y-o-y). Progress in the mining sector is clouded by uncertainty about a new mineral law. While investor interest in the sector is encouraging, gaps in the legal and regulatory framework of the sector do not provide sufficient confidence to investors to start operations or make firm commitments. A new low is in preparation but has also been heavily debated. Afghanistan's economic growth prospects for 2012 give cause for optimism. Although real GDP growth slowed, to around 7 percent in 2011 (from 8 percent the year before), due mainly to unfavorable weather and a poor harvest, the agriculture sector rebounded strongly in 2012 and is expected to boost economic growth to over 10 percent. Agriculture is an important but volatile component of economic growth.

Access to Finance --- Accountability --- Accounting --- Agricultural Sector --- Agriculture --- Audits --- Banking Sector --- Bankruptcy --- Business Environment --- Capacity Building --- Civil Service --- Corruption --- Debt Markets --- Economic theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Exchange Rates --- Expenditures --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Management --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Human Rights --- Inflation --- Information Technology --- Investment Climate --- Legal Framework --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Microfinance Institutions --- Monetary Policy --- Natural Resources --- Pension Reform --- Political Economy --- Private Investment --- Private Sector Development --- Privatization --- Rule of Law --- Savings --- Tax Administration --- Terrorism --- Transport --- Urban Areas --- Urban Development --- Wages

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This new flagship report for the eTransform Africa Project, produced by the World Bank and the African Development Bank, with the support of the African Union, identifies best practice in the use of Information and communication technologies (ICTs) in key sectors of the African economy. Under the theme transformation-ready, the growing contribution of ICTs to agriculture, climate change adaptation, education, financial services, government services, and health is explored. In addition, the report highlights the role of ICTs in enhancing African regional trade and integration as well as the need to build a competitive ICT industry to boost innovation, job creation, and the export potential of African companies.

Access to Education --- Adaptation to Climate Change --- Auctions --- Capacity Building --- Cities --- Commercial Banks --- Communities --- Data Collection --- Decision Making --- E-Business --- E-Commerce --- E-Government --- Economic Development --- Education --- Education for the Knowledge Economy --- Electricity --- Environment --- Financial Institutions --- Financial Management --- Financial Services --- Focus Groups --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Fraud --- Geographic Information Systems --- Governance --- Ict Policy and Strategies --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Knowledge Sharing --- Literacy --- Mobile Communications --- Networking --- Outsourcing --- Private Investment --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Reading --- Social Development --- Technical Assistance --- Telecommunications