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2012 (4)

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Book
The Optics of Life
Author:
ISBN: 9786613439741 1283439743 140084066X 9780691139913 0691139911 0691139903 9780691139906 9781400840663 9781283439749 6613439746 Year: 2012 Publisher: Princeton, NJ

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Abstract

"Optics--a field of physics focusing on the study of light--is also central to many areas of biology, including vision, ecology, botany, animal behavior, neurobiology, and molecular biology. The Optics of Life introduces the fundamentals of optics to biologists and non-physicists, giving them the tools they need to successfully incorporate optical measurements and principles into their research. S©œnke Johnsen starts with the basics, describing the properties of light and the units and geometry of measurement. He then explores how light is created and propagates and how it interacts with matter, covering topics such as absorption, scattering, fluorescence, and polarization. Johnsen also provides a tutorial on how to measure light as well as an informative discussion of quantum mechanics. The Optics of Life features a host of examples drawn from nature and everyday life, and several appendixes that offer further practical guidance for researchers. This concise book uses a minimum of equations and jargon, explaining the basic physics of light in a succinct and lively manner. It is the essential primer for working biologists and for anyone seeking an accessible introduction to optics"--

Keywords

Photobiology. --- Physiological optics. --- Polarization (Light) --- Rotation of the plane of polarization --- Optics, Physiological --- Optical Phenomena. --- Light. --- Electromagnetic waves --- Optics --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Optical rotation --- Stereochemistry --- Vision --- Biology --- Light --- Photochemistry --- Polarization --- Visible Radiation --- Light, Visible --- Photoradiation --- Radiation, Visible --- Photoradiations --- Radiations, Visible --- Visible Light --- Visible Radiations --- Photobiology --- Optical Phenomenon --- Optical Process --- Optical Concepts --- Optical Processes --- Concept, Optical --- Concepts, Optical --- Optical Concept --- Phenomena, Optical --- Phenomenon, Optical --- Process, Optical --- Processes, Optical --- Optics. Quantum optics --- Ophthalmology --- Physiological optics --- Light sources --- Spectrum analysis --- absorption. --- animal vision. --- bioluminescence. --- coherent scattering. --- color. --- elastic scattering. --- electric field. --- electrons. --- fluorescence. --- geometry. --- human vision. --- inelastic scattering. --- integrated measurements. --- irradiance. --- light emission. --- light measurement. --- light. --- luminescence. --- lux. --- magnetic field. --- matter. --- mechanoluminescence. --- optical energy. --- optical measurements. --- optics. --- particles. --- phosphorescence. --- photon energy. --- photons. --- photosynthetically active radiation. --- polarization. --- polarized light. --- quantum entanglement. --- quantum mechanics. --- radiance. --- reflection. --- refraction. --- scattering. --- single scattering. --- sonoluminescence. --- spectra. --- spectral measurements. --- spectrometers. --- spectroradiometer. --- sun. --- thermal radiation. --- two-slit interference. --- uncertainty principle. --- units. --- wave interference. --- wave-particle duality. --- wavelength. --- waves.


Book
Shedding light on indoor tanning
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9400720475 9786613454683 1283454688 9400720483 9400795017 Year: 2012 Publisher: New York : Springer,

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Abstract

Since the industrialization and urbanization of the Western workforce, tanned skin has been perceived increasingly as attractive and fashionable for naturally light-skinned individuals. However, in addition to causing tanning, photo-aging, and other health effects, ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a well-known carcinogen. Despite wide-spread awareness of UV risks, tanning has become increasingly popular in several Western countries including the USA. While millions of individuals tan indoors each day, relatively little is known about this phenomenon. This book fills that gap by providing an overview of indoor tanning, reasons for its popularity, its risks including skin cancers, and the public health context surrounding the behavior. We have invited some of the preeminent experts in the field to summarize the existing scientific literature for each of the chapters. Shedding Light on Indoor Tanning is an up-to-date and comprehensive book that provides a unique and essential overview of the most significant current issues related to indoor tanning for scientists, educators, students, clinicians, and the general public interested in dermatology, aesthetic trends, skin care, and skin cancer.

Keywords

Skin -- Cancer -- Risk factors. --- Suntan. --- Tanning salons. --- Suntan --- Sun-baths --- Solar radiation --- Sunlight --- Skin Pigmentation --- Radiation --- Light --- Recreation --- Integumentary System --- Weather --- Leisure Activities --- Electromagnetic Phenomena --- Anatomy --- Optical Phenomena --- Radiation, Nonionizing --- Skin Physiological Processes --- Skin Physiological Phenomena --- Human Activities --- Physical Phenomena --- Atmosphere --- Meteorological Concepts --- Environment --- Phenomena and Processes --- Integumentary System Physiological Phenomena --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Biological Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- Sunbathing --- Ultraviolet Rays --- Radiation Effects --- Skin --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Dermatology --- Oncology --- Health aspects --- Salons, Tanning --- Suntan centers --- Suntan parlors --- Suntanning salons --- Suntanning studios --- Tanning (Suntan) --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Dermatology. --- Health promotion. --- Health. --- Radiation protection. --- Health psychology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Health Psychology. --- Popular Science in Medicine and Health. --- Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection. --- Safety measures. --- Service industries --- Human skin color --- Tanning salons --- Physiological effect --- Oncology. --- Psychology, clinical. --- Environmental protection. --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Tumors --- Diseases --- Health Workforce --- Medicine . --- Radiation—Safety measures. --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation protection --- Personal health --- Wellness --- Physiology --- Holistic medicine --- Hygiene --- Well-being --- Health psychology --- Health psychology, Clinical --- Psychology, Clinical health --- Psychology, Health --- Salutogenesis --- Clinical psychology --- Medicine and psychology --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Cancer research


Book
Optical interferometry for biology and medicine
Author:
ISBN: 146140889X 9786613445070 1283445077 1461408903 9781461408901 Year: 2012 Publisher: New York : Springer,

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This book presents the fundamental physics of optical interferometry as applied to biophysical, biological and medical research. Interference is at the core of many types of optical detection and is a powerful probe of cellular and tissue structure in interfererence microscopy and in optical coherence tomography. It is also the root cause of speckle and other imaging artefacts that limit range and resolution. For biosensor applications, the inherent sensitivity of interferometry enables ultrasensitive detection of molecules in biological samples for medical diagnostics. In this book, emphasis is placed on the physics of light scattering, beginning with the molecular origins of refraction as light propagates through matter, and then treating the stochastic nature of random fields that ultimately dominate optical imaging in cells and tissue. The physics of partial coherence plays a central role in the text, with a focus on coherence detection techniques that allow information to be selectively detected out of incoherent and heterogeneous backgrounds. Optical Interferometry for Biology and Medicine is divided into four sections. The first covers fundamental principles, and the next three move up successive scales, beginning with molecular interferometry (biosensors), moving to cellular interferometry (microscopy), and ending with tissue interferometry (biomedical). An outstanding feature of the book is the clear presentation of the physics, with easy derivations of the appropriate equations, while emphasizing "rules of thumb" that can be applied by experimental researchers to give semi-quantitative predictions. Presents the fundamental physics underlying many biophotonic applications Reviews the state-of-the-art of interferometric techniques in biology and medicine Serves as a mathematical reference with complete derivations of results Includes numerous graphs and figures to help illustrate interference phenomena.

Keywords

Biophotometry. --- Biosensors. --- Interference microscopy. --- Interferometry. --- Optical coherence tomography. --- Biophotometry --- Interferometry --- Biosensors --- Interference microscopy --- Optical coherence tomography --- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical --- Tomography, Optical --- Investigative Techniques --- Optical Phenomena --- Radiation, Nonionizing --- Molecular Probe Techniques --- Physical Phenomena --- Radiation --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Tomography --- Phenomena and Processes --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Electromagnetic Phenomena --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Diagnosis --- Light --- Tomography, Optical Coherence --- Photometry --- Biosensing Techniques --- Biology --- Physics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biology - General --- Light & Optics --- Biophysics --- Optical measurements --- Health aspects. --- Interferometri --- interferens --- optikk --- lys --- optisk diagnose --- medisin --- mikroskopi --- biosensorer --- Biomedisinsk teknikk --- Physics. --- Molecular biology. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Optics. --- Optoelectronics. --- Plasmons (Physics). --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Physical measurements --- Medicine. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Biological physics


Book
Structure-property relationships in non-linear optical crystals
Authors: --- ---
ISSN: 00815993 ISBN: 3642296173 3642296181 Year: 2012 Volume: 144 Publisher: Heidelberg ; New York : Springer,

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Wen-Dan Cheng, Chen-Sheng Lin, Wei-Long Uhang, Hao Zhang: Structural Designs and Property Characterizations for Second-Harmonic Generation Materials Fang Kong, Chuan-Fu Sun, Bing-Ping Yang, Jiang-Gao Mao: Second-order Non-linear Optical Materials based on Metal Iodates, Selenites and Tellurites Guo-Fu Wang: Structure, growth, nonlinear optics and laser properties of RX3(BO3)4 (R=Y, Gd, La; X=Al, Sc) Chaoyang Tu, Zhaojie Zhu, Zhenyu You, Jianfu Li, Yan Wang, Alain Brenier: The Recent Development of Borate SF-conversion Laser Crystal Ning Ye: Structure design and crystal growth of UV nonlinear borate materials Yi-Zhi Huang, Li-Ming Wu, Mao-Chun Hong: Cation Effect in Doped BBO and Halogen Anion Effect in Pb2B5O9X (X– = I–, Br–, Cl–).

Keywords

Physical Phenomena --- Mathematics --- Models, Theoretical --- Radiation Equipment and Supplies --- Optical Devices --- Equipment and Supplies --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Investigative Techniques --- Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Optical Phenomena --- Lasers --- Nonlinear Dynamics --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Optical Components --- Optical System --- Component, Optical --- Components, Optical --- Device, Optical --- Devices, Optical --- Optical Component --- Optical Device --- Optical Systems --- System, Optical --- Systems, Optical --- Experimental Model --- Experimental Models --- Mathematical Model --- Model, Experimental --- Models (Theoretical) --- Models, Experimental --- Models, Theoretic --- Theoretical Study --- Mathematical Models --- Model (Theoretical) --- Model, Mathematical --- Model, Theoretical --- Models, Mathematical --- Studies, Theoretical --- Study, Theoretical --- Theoretical Model --- Theoretical Models --- Theoretical Studies --- Non-linear Dynamics --- Non-linear Models --- Chaos Theory --- Models, Nonlinear --- Chaos Theories --- Dynamics, Non-linear --- Dynamics, Nonlinear --- Model, Non-linear --- Model, Nonlinear --- Models, Non-linear --- Non linear Dynamics --- Non linear Models --- Non-linear Dynamic --- Non-linear Model --- Nonlinear Dynamic --- Nonlinear Model --- Nonlinear Models --- Theories, Chaos --- Theory, Chaos --- Continuous Wave Lasers --- Pulsed Lasers --- Q-Switched Lasers --- Masers --- Continuous Wave Laser --- Laser --- Laser, Continuous Wave --- Laser, Pulsed --- Laser, Q-Switched --- Lasers, Continuous Wave --- Lasers, Pulsed --- Lasers, Q-Switched --- Maser --- Pulsed Laser --- Q Switched Lasers --- Q-Switched Laser --- Optical Phenomenon --- Optical Process --- Optical Concepts --- Optical Processes --- Concept, Optical --- Concepts, Optical --- Optical Concept --- Phenomena, Optical --- Phenomenon, Optical --- Process, Optical --- Processes, Optical --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Device, Medical --- Devices, Medical --- Equipment --- Inventories --- Medical Device --- Supplies --- Apparatus and Instruments --- Devices --- Medical Devices --- Device --- Instruments and Apparatus --- Inventory --- Supplies and Equipment --- Mathematic --- Physical Phenomenon --- Physical Process --- Physical Concepts --- Physical Processes --- Concept, Physical --- Concepts, Physical --- Phenomena, Physical --- Phenomenon, Physical --- Physical Concept --- Process, Physical --- Processes, Physical --- Chemistry. --- Inorganic chemistry. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic compounds --- Optics --- Materials --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Electronic materials --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Nonlinear optics. --- Crystal optics.

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