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Although research on obesity has accelerated over the past decade, the proportion of Americans considered obese has not declined. In order to address this critical public health challenge, obesity research has recently shifted from focusing purely on individual causes to viewing individuals within their ""obesogenic"" or living environments. Encompassing both schools of thought, Obesity 101 is the first volume to offer a broad and balanced perspective on the complex factors that influence obesity. The text combines current research from multiple perspectives to provide an introductory-level, r
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"Nearly 69 percent of U.S. adults and 32 percent of children are either overweight or obese, creating an annual medical cost burden that may reach 1.47 billion dollars. Researchers and policy makers are eager to identify improved measures of environmental and policy factors that contribute to obesity prevention. The IOM formed the Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention to review the IOM's past obesity-related recommendations, identify a set of recommendations for future action, and recommend indicators of progress in implementing these actions. The committee held a workshop in March 2011 about how to improve measurement of progress in obesity prevention"--
Obesity --- Prevention.
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Obesity --- Prevention.
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This dissertation by Aimée Ekman explores the social and personal experiences of overweight individuals through an anthropological lens. Drawing on personal reflections and interviews, the work examines how societal perceptions and cultural norms shape the understanding of body weight and identity. It highlights the stigma associated with being overweight and challenges preconceived notions. The author's personal journey alongside her academic research provides an introspective look into the complexities of body image. Intended for scholars in health and social sciences, this work aims to foster a deeper understanding of weight-related societal issues.
Obesity. --- Social aspects. --- Obesity --- Social aspects
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Obesity --- Needs assessment --- Prevention
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Not only the story of a colossus of a woman living in Kansas, Fat Girl, Terrestrial is also a meditation on God, treachery, and blind love. In Kingdom Come, Kansas, a town from which children once mysteriously disappeared, there lives a giant woman. Wallis Armstrong is not a pituitary mutant or a person battling a rare medical condition; she's just an improbably large woman ill at ease in a world built for shrimps. Paradoxically, Wallis builds miniatures of crime scenes, and her specialty is staged suicides. She constructed her first diorama as a child
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Obesity --- Surgery. --- Surgery --- Complications.
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L'obésité est considérée aujourd'hui comme une pathologie critique car elle favorise notamment l'instauration d'un diabète. Des études récentes rapportent qu'elle s'accompagne d'une modulation du microbiote intestinal. Les fructanes sont des glucides non digestibles qui sont fermentés dans le caeco-côlon où ils stimulent sélectivement la croissance et/ou l'activité d'un nombre limité de bactéries bénéfiques (bifidobactéries) ; ils répondent ainsi à la définition de prébiotique. Des études menées au laboratoire ont démontré que la supplémentation en fructanes de type inuline permettait de diminuer la prise alimentaire, le gain de poids corporel, l'accumulation de masse grasse, la stéatose et d'améliorer la tolérance au glucose et de l'insulinémie chez le rat ou la souris rendus diabétiques via un régime hyperlipidique. D'autre part, des données récentes chez la souris suggèrent que l'administration de fructanes est également capable de diminuer l'inflammation de faible intensité qui est générée par un régime hyperlipidique et que cet effet est corrélé à une augmentation des bifidobactéries dans le caeco-côlon. Mon mémoire avait pour objectifs 1)d'étudier le développement de l'obésité et de l'état inflammatoire suite à un régime hyperlipidique chez la ·souris Balb/c caractérisée par une plus grande susceptibilité aux altérations hépatiques du métabolisme lipidique et aux désordres inflammatoires par rapport aux souris C57BL6J ; 2) d'évaluer le potentiel prébiotique d'oligosaccharides de type arabinoxylans (AXOS) issus du blé dans le modèle d'obésité nutritionnelle induite par le régime hyperlipidique.Les souris Balb/c, de nature plus sensibles au stress, n'ont pas bien récupéré après le test de tolérance au glucose (OGTT) ; elles présentaient une glycémie basale et intolérance au glucose suite au régime hyperlipidique inférieures à celles observées chez les C57. De plus, l'évolution du poids corporel suite au régime hyperlipidique est moins impressionnante que celle des souris C57. Le poids du foie des Balb/c, était significativement plus élevé que celui des C57Bl6/J, on y retrouve des quantités 5 fois plus importantes de lipides, indépendamment du régime hyperlipidique. Les marqueurs circulants de l'inflammation étaient globalement augmentés chez les balb/c par rapport aux C57. Cependant la réponse au régime hyperlipique n'a pas été suffisante au niveau du métabolisme lipidique et de l'inflammation chez les souris balb/c et nous a amené à préférer la souris C57 pour la suite de nos études. L'administration d'AXOS (7.5% dans le régime hyperlipidique) est bifidogénique. Elle augmente le taux de peptides satiétogéniques circulants produits par le côlon (PYY and GLP-1), et réduit dès lors la prise de poids et le développement de masse grasse induit par le régime hyperlipidique. En outre l'hyperinsulinémie, l'index d'insulinorésistance (HOMA-IR), l'endotoxémie (LPS circulant), l'infiltration de macrophages au niveau du tissu adipeux et l'interleukine 6 sérique sont diminués sous AXOS. L'expression de protéines de jonction au niveau du côlon (ZOl and claudin 3) est augmentée suite à l'administration d'AXOS, suggérant que l'amélioration des désordres inflammatoires observée chez les souris recevant l'AXOS est associée à l'amélioration de la fonction barrière intestinale.En conclusion, ces études suggèrent que des arabinoxylan oligosaccharides issus du blé constituent des nutriments prébiotiques intéressants dans la gestion de l'obésité et des désordres inflammatoires associés. Obesity is now considered a critical disease since it facilitates the development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. Recent studies report a link with alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Fructans are non digestibles carbohydrates fermented in the caeco-côlon, where upon they promote the growth and/or activity of a limited number of beneficial bacteria (i.e. bifidobacteria) ; and therefore respond to the definition of prebiotics. Studies from our laboratory have shown that supplementation in insulin-type fructans can reduce food intake, body weight gain, fat mass development, steatosis and improve glucose tolerance and insulinemia in rats and mice fed a high-fat diet. Besides, recent studies in mice suggest that fructan supplementation could also lower the low-grade inflammation caused by a high-fat diet, and that this effect is associated with a rise of the bifidobacteria in the caeco côlon. The objectives of this work were the following: 1) to study the development of obesity and inflammatory state in Balb/c mice, characterized by a higher susceptibility to hepatic alterations of the lipid metabolism and inflammatory disorders compared to C57Bl6/J mice; and 2) to evaluate the prebiotic potency of wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) in a high-fat diet induced obesity model. Balb/c mice, which are more stress sensitive, did not recover properly after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); they presented a lower fasted glycemia and glucose intelorance when fcd a high-fat diet compared to C57Bl6/J. Balb/c's liver weight was significantly higher than C57Bl6/J, with lipid content was 5 times higher in Balb/c mice independently of the high-fat diet. Plasma inflammatory markers were globally raised in Balb/c compared to C57Bl6/.T. However, the response to the high-fat diet in terms of lipid metabolism and inflammation was not sufficient a'.1d led us to choose the C57Bl6/J mice for our following studies. AXOS supplementation (7,5% in the high-fat diet) is bifidogenic. It raises the level of circulating satietogenic peptids produced by the côlon (PYY and GLP-1) and therefore reduces body weight gain and fat mass development induced by high-fat diet. High fat induced hyperinsulinemia, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), endotoxemia (circulating LPS), macrophages infiltration in the adipose tissue and interleukin 6 in the plasma were decreased by AXOS. Tight-junction protein (Z0-1 and claudin 3) were upregulated by AXOS treatment, suggesting that the lower inflammatory tone was linked to an improvement of the gut barrier function.In conclusion, these studies suggest the wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides constitute a promising nutrient in the control of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Obesity --- Stress, Physiological --- Intestines
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Nonprescription Drugs --- Obesity --- Pharmacies
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