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This paper assembles a new dataset on corporate income tax regimes in 50 emerging and developing economies over 1996-2007 and analyzes their impact on corporate tax revenues and domestic and foreign investment. It computes effective tax rates to take account of complicated special regimes, such as partial tax holidays, temporarily reduced rates and increased investment allowances. There is evidence of a partial race to the bottom: countries have been under pressure to lower tax rates in order to lure and boost investment. In the case of standard tax systems (i.e. tax rules applying under normal circumstances), the effective tax rate reductions have not been larger than those witnessed in advanced economies, and revenues have held up well over the sample period. However, a race to the bottom is evident among special regimes, most notably in the case of Africa, creating effectively a parallel tax system where rates have fallen to almost zero. Regression analysis reveals higher tax rates adversely affect domestic investment and FDI, but do raise revenues in the short-run.

Corporations --- Business corporations --- C corporations --- Corporations, Business --- Corporations, Public --- Limited companies --- Publicly held corporations --- Publicly traded corporations --- Public limited companies --- Stock corporations --- Subchapter C corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporate power --- Disincorporation --- Stocks --- Trusts, Industrial --- Corporate income tax --- Corporate taxes --- Corporation income tax --- Corporation tax --- Federal corporation tax --- Franchises, Taxation of --- Taxation of franchises --- Taxation --- Taxation. --- Finance --- Valuation --- Public Finance --- Corporate Taxation --- Fiscal Policy --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Corporate & business tax --- Revenue administration --- Effective tax rate --- Average effective tax rate --- Marginal effective tax rate --- Taxes --- Tax policy --- Tax administration and procedure --- Revenue --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China

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We present a simple model of petroleum exploration and development that can be applied to study the performance of alternative tax systems and identify potential distortions. Although the model is a highly simplified, it incorporates many factors and some of the key tradeoffs that would influence an investor’s investment behavior. The model recognizes the role of enhanced oil recovery and treats the impact of taxation on exploration and development in an integrated manner consistent with an investor’s joint optimization of investments at both stages of the process. The model is simple and user-friendly, which facilitates application to a broad range of problems.

TJ / Tajikistan - Tadzjikistan - Tadjikistan --- 307.0 --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 330.580 --- 330.548 --- 338.047 --- 330.540 --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken. --- Economisch beleid. --- Economische toestand. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Petroleum industry and trade. --- Petroleum --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Mineral oils --- Energy industries --- Oil industries --- Taxation. --- Mathematical models. --- Taxation --- Tajikistan --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- E-books --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken --- Economisch beleid --- Economische toestand --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Privé en openbare bedrijven. Openbare diensten. Gemengde economie --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Corporate Taxation --- Efficiency --- Optimal Taxation --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels --- Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources --- Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Energy: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Corporate & business tax --- Oil prices --- Oil --- Corporate income tax --- Marginal effective tax rate --- Production sharing --- Commodities --- Taxes --- Tax policy --- Corporations --- Tax administration and procedure --- Oil and gas leases --- Papua New Guinea