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This book - Biodiversity Enrichment in a Diverse World - considered biodiversity (plants, animals, fungi, and microbes) from three different angles: genetics, species, and ecosystems. The relationships between them are complex and it looks at these aspects from different angles and also various interventions at different levels. The scientific approach of the book demonstrates that the three levels are closely inter-connected and action is therefore needed to conserve and protect the systems if the benefits provided to human life will continue to be available. However, conservation of the biological diversity is essentially an umbrella term for traditional species, relationship to human health, ecosystem conservation and the need to manage the human use of the species and ecosystems in a sustainable way.

Biodiversity --- Economic aspects. --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Life Sciences --- Ecology --- Environmental Sciences

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Humulus lupulus --- Economic analysis --- Diversification --- investment --- surveys --- Profitability --- Filière --- Belgium --- Filière

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MENA is one of the richest regions in the world in terms of natural resources: it holds more than 60 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, mostly located in the Gulf region, and nearly half of gas reserves. Oil represents 80-85 percent of merchandise exports in the region, making it highly depending on fluctuations in international prices. A long strand of economic literature has suggested that such dependence may hurt a country's growth prospects and the scope for job creation by reducing economic diversification. This volume investigates the effect of natural resources and the role of

Diversification in industry -- Africa, North. --- Diversification in industry -- Middle East. --- Economic development -- Africa, North. --- Economic development -- Middle East. --- Industrial policy -- Africa, North. --- Industrial policy -- Middle East. --- Natural resources -- Government policy -- Africa, North. --- Natural resources -- Government policy -- Middle East. --- Economic development --- Natural resources --- Industrial policy --- Diversification in industry --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Government policy --- Industrial diversification --- Product diversification --- Business --- Industries --- Industry and state --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic aspects --- Input-output analysis --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) --- Multiproduct firms --- Economic policy --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics

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Austria --- national parks --- biodiversity --- symposium proceedings --- Biodiversity --- Biogeography --- National parks and reserves --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Biology --- Geography --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Geographical distribution

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While climate change is likely to increase weather risks in many developing countries, there is little evidence on effective policies to facilitate adaptation. This paper presents experimental evidence on a program in rural Nicaragua aimed at improving households' risk-management through income diversification. The intervention targeted agricultural households exposed to weather shocks related to changes in rainfall and temperature patterns. It combined a conditional cash transfer with vocational training or a productive investment grant. The authors identify the relative impact of each complementary package based on randomized assignment, and analyze how impacts vary by exposure to exogenous drought shocks. The results show that both complementary interventions provide full protection against drought shocks two years after the end of the intervention. Households that received the productive investment grant also had higher average consumption levels. The complementary interventions led to diversification of economic activities and better protection from shocks compared to beneficiaries of the basic conditional cash transfer and control households. These results show that combining safety nets with productive interventions can help households manage future weather risks and promote longer-term program impacts.

Adaptation --- Cash transfers --- Climate change --- Diversification --- Drought --- Gender --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Poverty Reduction --- Productive investment --- Randomized experiment --- Regional Economic Development --- Risk --- Risk-management --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Safety Nets and Transfers --- Vocational training --- Welfare --- Nicaragua.