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In order to understand the role of computers in society, it is important to consider the complex relationship between the design and use of computers from the perspective of the user. Computers in Swedish Society reviews this shift in the historiography of computing from inventors and innovations to a user-perspective, and examines how the relevant sources can be created, collected, preserved, and disseminated. The text describes and evaluates a collaborative project in Sweden that documented the stories of around 700 people, and obtained extensive donations of archival records and artifacts. The book also provides a critical discussion on the interpretation of oral evidence, presenting three case studies on how this evidence can inform us about the interaction of computing with large-scale transformations in economies, cultures, and societies. Topics and features: Describes a historiography aimed at addressing the question of how computing shaped and transformed Swedish society between 1950 and 1980 Presents a user-centered perspective on the history of computing, after explaining the benefits of such an approach Examines the documentation of users, describing novel and innovative documentation methods such as witness seminars and Internet-based collections of memories Discusses the pros and cons of collaborative projects between academia and industry Provides case studies on the interpretation of oral evidence, dealing with social networks and flows of knowledge, users and uses of technology, and the materiality and geography of computing The methods and documentation of users described in this unique text/reference will not only be of great interest to historians of computing, technology, science and medicine, but also to researchers in science and technology studies, in library and information studies, and in ethnography, ethnology and folkloristic studies.
Computer science -- Sweden -- History. --- Computers -- Social aspects -- Sweden -- History. --- Computer science --- Computers --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- History --- Social aspects --- History. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Informatics --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Computers and civilization. --- Computer Science. --- History of Computing. --- Computers and Society. --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Science --- Civilization and computers --- Civilization
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This interdisciplinary volume introduces new theories and ideas on creativity from the perspectives of science and art. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, theorists and artists working in artificial intelligence, generative art, creative computing, music composition, and cybernetics, the book examines the relationship between computation and creativity from both analytic and practical perspectives. Each contributor describes innovative new ways creativity can be understood through, and inspired by, computers. The book tackles critical philosophical questions and discusses the major issues raised by computational creativity, including: whether a computer can exhibit creativity independently of its creator; what kinds of creativity are possible in light of our knowledge from computational simulation, artificial intelligence, evolutionary theory and information theory; and whether we can begin to automate the evaluation of aesthetics and creativity in silico. These important, often controversial questions are contextualised by current thinking in computational creative arts practice. Leading artistic practitioners discuss their approaches to working creatively with computational systems in a diverse array of media, including music, sound art, visual art, and interactivity. The volume also includes a comprehensive review of computational aesthetic evaluation and judgement research, alongside discussion and insights from pioneering artists working with computation as a creative medium over the last fifty years. A distinguishing feature of this volume is that it explains and grounds new theoretical ideas on creativity through practical applications and creative practice. Computers and Creativity will appeal to theorists, researchers in artificial intelligence, generative and evolutionary computing, practicing artists and musicians, students and any reader generally interested in understanding how computers can impact upon creativity. It bridges concepts from computer science, psychology, neuroscience, visual art, music and philosophy in an accessible way, illustrating how computers are fundamentally changing what we can imagine and create, and how we might shape the creativity of the future.
Artificial intelligence. --- Arts. --- Computer science. --- Computers -- Social aspects. --- Creative ability. --- Engineering. --- Information systems. --- Music. --- Computer art --- Computer music --- Multimedia systems --- Art --- Mechanical Engineering --- Visual Arts --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Art, Architecture & Applied Arts --- Visual Arts - General --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Technological innovations --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Computers --- Creative ability --- Social aspects. --- Mathematical models. --- Creativeness --- Creativity --- Application software. --- Mathematics. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Mathematics in Art and Architecture. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Math --- Science --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Occidental --- Arts, Western --- Fine arts --- Humanities --- Informatics --- Ability --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Arts, Primitive
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