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Background : The association of clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid is cornerstone of antiplatelet treatment but it’s well known that clopidogrel resistance occurs in some population. Different factors participate in the heterogeneity of clopidogrel response. In this work I will focus on the genetic aspect. Discussion: CYP2C19 gene is significantly associated to clopidogrel high on-treatment reactivity. Wild-type allele has normal activity, others have loof function activity but one of its has gain of function allele (*17, increase risk of severe bleefing).*2 allele is associated to poor clinical outcome in particular for percutaneous stent thrombosis. ABCB1 is not significantly associated with high on treatment reactivity but more studies are still necessary. P2Y12 receptor and the other cytochromes involved in clopidogrel activation are not associated with poor clinical outcome. Conclusion: According to the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium it is important to genotype patients to evaluate the associate risk of the phenotype. For the poor metaboliser of CYP2C19 it’s recommended to take an alternative treatment like prasugrel if this one is not counter-indicated because of the associated risks Contexte : Le clopidogrel est avec l’acide acétylsalicylique un pilier du traitement antithrombotique mais il est connu pour avoir une “résistance” chez certains patients. En effet, la réponse au clopidogrel n’est pas homogène, différents facteurs participent à la résistance, celui qui est développé dans ce travail est l’aspect génétique. Discussion : Un gène est significativement associé à la résistance au clopidogrel, c’est le CYP2C19. Pour ce gène l’allèle wild-type fonctionne normalement, par contre les autres allèles ont une perte de fonction sauf un possédant un gain de fonction (*17, risque d’hémorragie accru). L’allèle *2 est associé à une diminution de l’activité thérapeutique du clopidogrel en particulier lors d’angioplastie percutanée avec pose d’un stent. ABCB1 n’est quant à lui pas significativement impliqué dans la baisse de l’effet mais des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires. Le récepteur P2Y12 et les autres cytochromes impliqués dans l’activation du clopidogrel ne sont pas significativement associés à une diminution de l’effet du traitement. Conclusion : Selon le Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium il est pertinent de génotyper les patients ne connaissant pas leur génotype pour évaluer le risque associé à leur phénotype. Pour les métaboliseurs lents du CYP2C19 il est recommandé de trouver une alternative au traitement comme par exemple passer au prasugrel s’il n’y pas de contre-indications de celui-ci

clopidogrel --- Platelet Aggregation inhibitors

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Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors --- Drug Utilization Review

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This volume of selected academic papers demonstrates the significance of the contribution to mathematics made by Manfredo P. do Carmo. Twice a Guggenheim Fellow and the winner of many prestigious national and international awards, the professor at the institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics in Rio de Janeiro is well known as the author of influential textbooks such as Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. The area of differential geometry is the main focus of this selection, though it also contains do Carmo's own commentaries on his life as a scientist as well as assessment of the impact of his researches and a complete list of his publications. Aspects covered in the featured papers include relations between curvature and topology, convexity and rigidity, minimal surfaces, and conformal immersions, among others. Offering more than just a retrospective focus, the volume deals with subjects of current interest to researchers, including a paper co-authored with Frank Warner on the convexity of hypersurfaces in space forms. It also presents the basic stability results for minimal surfaces in the Euclidean space obtained by the author and his collaborators. Edited by do Carmo's first student, now a celebrated academic in her own right, this collection pays tribute to one of the most distinguished mathematicians.

Geometry, Differential. --- Geometry. --- Mathematics. --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Geometry --- Global differential geometry. --- Differential geometry --- Differential geometry. --- History. --- Manifolds (Mathematics). --- Complex manifolds. --- Differential Geometry. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Manifolds and Cell Complexes (incl. Diff.Topology). --- Geometry, Differential --- Cell aggregation --- Aggregation, Cell --- Cell patterning --- Cell interaction --- Microbial aggregation --- Euclid's Elements --- Analytic spaces --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Topology --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Science

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Antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone of treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease and over the last few years spectacular advancements in this field have been recorded. This is the first comprehensive handbook entirely dedicated to all the aspects of antiplatelet therapy. The book is divided into three main sections, pathophysiology, pharmacology and therapy, for a total of 23 chapters. A large group of leading experts from different European countries and from the USA, both from academia and industry, have contributed to the book. Besides a detailed overview on the pharmacology and clinical applications of all the currently used or of the novel antiplatelet agents, innovative approaches (e.g. intracellular signalling as an antiplatelet target, small RNAs as platelet therapeutics, etc.) or unconventional aspects (e.g. pharmacologic modulation of the inflammatory action of platelets are also treated. The book is oriented to both basic investigators and to clinicians involved with research on platelet inhibition or with the clinical use of antiplatelet therapies.

Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Pharmacology. --- Internal medicine. --- Cardiology. --- Neurology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Internal Medicine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Medicine, Internal --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Diseases --- Physiological effect --- Blood platelets --- Cardiovascular system --- Aggregation. --- Diseases. --- Cardiovascular diseases --- Adhesiveness, Blood platelet --- Aggregation, Blood platelet --- Blood platelet aggregation --- Platelet adhesiveness --- Platelet aggregation --- Cell aggregation --- Toxicology. --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Health Workforce --- Neurology .

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Research on polyhedral manifolds often points to unexpected connections between very distinct aspects of Mathematics and Physics. In particular triangulated manifolds play quite a distinguished role in such settings as Riemann moduli space theory, strings and quantum gravity, topological quantum field theory, condensed matter physics, and critical phenomena. Not only do they provide a natural discrete analogue to the smooth manifolds on which physical theories are typically formulated, but their appearance is rather often a consequence of an underlying structure which naturally calls into play non-trivial aspects of representation theory, of complex analysis and topology in a way which makes manifest the basic geometric structures of the physical interactions involved. Yet, in most of the existing literature, triangulated manifolds are still merely viewed as a convenient discretization of a given physical theory to make it more amenable for numerical treatment.   The motivation for these lectures notes is thus to provide an approachable introduction to this topic, emphasizing the conceptual aspects, and probing, through a set of cases studies, the connection between triangulated manifolds and quantum physics to the deepest.   This volume addresses applied mathematicians and theoretical physicists working in the field of quantum geometry and its applications.  .

Triangulating manifolds --- Mathematical physics --- Mathematics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physics - General --- Geometry --- Triangulating manifolds. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Manifolds, Triangulating --- Physics. --- Manifolds (Mathematics). --- Complex manifolds. --- Gravitation. --- Quantum physics. --- Physics, general. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Quantum Physics. --- Manifolds and Cell Complexes (incl. Diff.Topology). --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Piecewise linear topology --- Quantum theory. --- Cell aggregation --- Mathematics. --- Aggregation, Cell --- Cell patterning --- Cell interaction --- Microbial aggregation --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Analytic spaces --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Geometry, Differential --- Topology --- Properties