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When do states choose to adopt a penitent stance towards the past? When do they choose to offer apologies for historical misdeeds, offer compensation for their victims and incorporate the darker sides of history into their textbooks, public monuments and museums? When do they choose not to do so? And what are the political consequences of how states portray the past? This book pursues these questions by examining how governments in post-1945 Austria, Germany and Japan have wrestled with the difficult legacy of the Second World War and the impact of their policies on regional politics in Europe and Asia. The book argues that states can reconcile over historical issues, but to do so requires greater political will and imposes greater costs than is commonly realized. At the same time, in an increasingly interdependent world, failure to do so can have a profoundly disruptive effect on regional relations and feed dangerous geopolitical tensions.

WAR VICTIMS -- 323.29 --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Restitution --- Reparations for historical injustices --- Cultural property --- Guilt --- War victims. --- Victims of war --- Victims --- Emotions --- Ethics --- Conscience --- Shame --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Redress for historical injustices --- Reparation for historical injustices --- Reparations --- Reparations for past injustices --- Restitution for historical injustices --- Indemnity --- Social justice --- Replevin --- Unjust enrichment --- Reconstruction (1939-1951) --- Reparations. --- Historiography. --- Repatriation --- Confiscations and contributions --- Political aspects. --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychological aspects --- Law and legislation --- Diplomatic history --- Economic aspects --- Social Sciences --- Political Science