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Political action committees --- Campaign funds --- Elections --- Since 2000 --- United States --- Politics and government

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Where politics is dominated by two large parties, as in the United States, politicians should be relatively immune to the influence of small groups. Yet narrow interest groups often win private benefits against majority preferences and at great public expense. Why? The "vulnerability thesis" is that the electoral system is largely to blame, making politicians in two-party systems more vulnerable to interest group demands than politicians in multiparty systems. Political scientist Lorelei Moosbrugger ranks democracies on a continuum of political vulnerability and tests the thesis by examining agrochemical policy in Austria, Britain, Germany, Sweden, and the European Union.

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Esta obra no es de coyuntura sino un caso de estudio sobre la forma en que nacen, se desarrollan y actúan los grupos de presión. Las relaciones de poder que aquí se examinan son interesantes por sí mismas -tienen un valor histórico- pero también pueden servir, en unión de otros casos de naturaleza similar, como material primario para quienes se aventuren en la generalizaciones sobre la naturaleza de la conducta política de un actor que ha existido en todas las estructuras del poder complejas: ese que se ha formado como resultado de una concentración notable de recursos económicos o de masas y que busca influir en las decisiones políticas aunque sin asumir directamente las responsabilidades y privilegios del ejercicio director del poder.

Industrias mineras --- Petróleo --- Inversiones extranjeras --- Historia --- Industria y comercio --- Investments, Foreign --- Pressure groups --- Petroleum industry and trade --- History --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Energy industries --- Oil industries --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- History of the Americas