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In the wake of the War of 1812, the Madison and Monroe administrations oversaw the institution of a series of protective tariffs meant to shield fledgling American industries from British product ""dumping."" While southerners supported these protectionist measures early on, they quickly came to disapprove of them as severe impediments to trade with the West Indies, an important source of sugar cane and tobacco. In the decades that followed, tariffs became a hotly contested issue, the North favoring protectionism and the South advocating for free trade. In The Triumph of the Antebe

Free trade -- United States -- History -- 19th century. --- United States -- Economic conditions -- 19th century. --- Free trade --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- History --- United States --- Economic conditions --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- E-books

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Le protectionnisme est le dernier tabou des élites européennes. Malgré la violence de la crise, la suprématie du libre-échange demeure une croyance indiscutée. C’est cette interdiction de débattre que les auteurs, journalistes économiques de la nouvelle génération, ont voulu lever dans ce livre sans a priori idéologique. Le constat est cruel : l’idéologie libre-échangiste, devenue hégémonique à la fin du siècle dernier, est aujourd’hui battue en brèche par les faits. Dans les pays en développement, l’amélioration du niveau de vie, réelle dans certains cas, s’est avérée illusoire dans beaucoup d’autres. Dans les pays développés, la mondialisation a creusé des inégalités qui menacent de corroder le tissu social de nos sociétés. Le temps est donc venu pour l’Europe de définir un protectionnisme positif, européen, social et écologique, à l’opposé du nationalisme et du repli sur soi. C’est ce à quoi s’emploie cet ouvrage, qui étudie les conditions de la mise en oeuvre d’un tel dispositif et la manière dont il pourrait s’appliquer concrètement dans la vie des Européens.

Europe --- Commercial policy --- Free trade --- Protectionism --- 382.30 --- 382.32 --- 382.33 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Protectionisme --- Vrijhandel --- Foreign economic relations. --- International trade --- Europe - Commercial policy

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The extreme protectionism that contributed to a collapse of world trade in the 1930s is examined in light of the recent economic crisis.The recent economic crisis--with the plunge in the stock market, numerous bank failures and widespread financial distress, declining output and rising unemployment--has been reminiscent of the Great Depression. The Depression of the 1930s was marked by the spread of protectionist trade policies, which contributed to a collapse in world trade. Although policymakers today claim that they will resist the protectionist temptation, recessions are breeding grounds for economic nationalism, and countries may yet consider imposing higher trade barriers. In Trade Policy Disaster, Douglas Irwin examines what we know about trade policy during the traumatic decade of the 1930s and considers what we can learn from the policy missteps of the time.Irwin argues that the extreme protectionism of the 1930s emerged as a consequence of policymakers' reluctance to abandon the gold standard and allow their currencies to depreciate. By ruling out exchange rate changes as an adjustment mechanism, policymakers turned instead to higher tariffs and other means of restricting imports. He offers a clear and concise exposition of such topics as the effect of higher trade barriers on the implosion of world trade; the impact of the Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930; the reasons some countries adopted draconian trade restrictions (including exchange controls and import quotas) but others did not; the effect of preferential trade arrangements and bilateral clearing agreements on the multilateral system of world trade; and lessons for avoiding future trade wars.

331.060 --- Beïnvloeding van de economische bewegingen: algemeenheden. --- Commercial policy --- Protectionism --- Free trade --- Foreign exchange rates --- History --- E-books --- 331.01 --- 382.32 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Evolutie van de economische cycli --- Beïnvloeding van de economische bewegingen: algemeenheden --- Protectionisme --- Rates --- Government policy --- History. --- ECONOMICS/Trade & Development

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AA / International- internationaal --- 382.0 --- 382.10 --- Algemeenheden. Techniek en praktijk van de internationale handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. --- Theorieën van internationale en interregionale handel: algemeenheden. Comparatieve voordelen. --- Commercial policy. --- Competition, International. --- Foreign trade and employment. --- Free trade. --- International economic integration. --- International economic relations. --- International trade. --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS --- Economics --- Theory. --- Exports & Imports. --- International --- Economics. --- Competition, international. --- Business & economics --- Exports & imports. --- Commercial policy --- Competition, International --- Foreign trade and employment --- Free trade --- International economic integration --- International economic relations --- International trade --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- Non-traded goods --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Common markets --- Economic integration, International --- Economic union --- Integration, International economic --- Markets, Common --- Union, Economic --- Employment and foreign trade --- Labor market --- Labor supply --- Investments, Foreign, and employment --- Trade adjustment assistance --- International competition --- World economics --- War --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Algemeenheden. Techniek en praktijk van de internationale handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen --- Theorieën van internationale en interregionale handel: algemeenheden. Comparatieve voordelen --- Effect of international trade on --- Economic aspects --- Government policy --- Commerce international --- Libre-échange --- Relations économiques internationales --- Commerce international et emploi --- Concurrence internationale --- Intégration économique internationale

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On 2 July 1812, Captain David Porter raised a banner on the USS Essex proclaiming 'a free trade and sailors rights', thus creating a political slogan that explained the War of 1812. Free trade demanded the protection of American commerce, while sailors' rights insisted that the British end the impressment of seamen from American ships. Repeated for decades in Congress and in taverns, the slogan reminds us today that the second war with Great Britain was not a mistake. It was a contest for the ideals of the American Revolution bringing together both the high culture of the Enlightenment to establish a new political economy and the low culture of the common folk to assert the equality of humankind. Understanding the War of 1812 and the motto that came to explain it - free trade and sailors' rights - allows us to better comprehend the origins of the American nation.

Mottoes --- Free trade --- Sailors --- Impressment --- Press-gangs --- Naval history --- Ships --- Mariners --- Naval personnel --- Seamen --- Armed Forces --- Boaters (Persons) --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- Mottos --- Emblems --- Maxims --- Proverbs --- History --- Social conditions --- Manning --- United States --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Америка (Republic) --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- САЩ --- Съединените щати --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- ولايات المتحدة --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- 미국 --- Canada --- Foreign relations --- Commerce --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Arts and Humanities