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Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter system--to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There's not a shred of evidence to support it. Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that for more than 5,000 years, since the beginning of the agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems--a system that far preceeded cash or organized barter. It is in this era, Graeber shows, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors. With the passage of time, however, virtual credit money was replaced by gold and silver coins--and the system as a whole began to decline. Interest rates spiked and the indebted became slaves. And the system perpetuated itself with tremendously violent consequences, with only the rare intervention of kings and churches keeping the system from spiraling out of control. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history--as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy.

AA / International- internationaal --- 331.162.4 --- 333.70 --- Geschiedenis van het krediet. --- Theorie en organisatie van het bankkrediet. --- Debt --- -Money --- -Financial crises --- -336.7 <09> --- 330.9 --- 332 --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Indebtedness --- 336.7 <09> Geschiedenis van het bankwezen --- Geschiedenis van het bankwezen --- History --- Crises --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Financial crises --- Money --- Geschiedenis van het krediet --- Theorie en organisatie van het bankkrediet --- International finance --- 336.7 <09> --- History. --- Dettes --- Monnaie --- Crises financières --- Histoire --- Debt - History --- Money - History --- Financial crises - History

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In tegenstelling tot wat de wetenschap altijd heeft gedacht, betoogt de auteur dat 'schuld' al bestond, ver voordat geld en munten werden uitgevonden en dat de mens al 5000 jaar gebruikmaakt van uitgebreide kredietsystemen. Sterker nog: schuld en de kwijtschelding daarvan hebben ons morele besef gevormd - het woord 'schuld' werd al vanaf het begin in zakelijke én in religieuze zin gebruikt. Slavernij, geweld, oorlogen en opstanden: ze hangen samen met ideeën over schuld. In dit veelomvattende boek bestudeert Graeber onze opvattingen over beloftes, krediet, afbetaling enzovoort, van de vroegste beschavingen tot het moderne kapitalisme. Aan de hand van case studies analyseert hij helder en buitengewoon leesbaar hoe de wereldeconomie zich in de laatste 5000 jaar heeft ontwikkeld - en werpt hij een heel nieuw licht op de huidige economische crisis

kredietverlening --- geldwezen --- schuldenregeling --- Philosophical anthropology --- kredieten --- Civilisation --- morele ontwikkeling --- schulden --- Private finance --- International finance --- kapitalisme --- World history --- Debt --- History --- Money --- Financial crises --- Kredieten --- Geld --- Geschiedenis --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.162.4 --- 333.70 --- economische geschiedenis --- Geschiedenis van het krediet --- Theorie en organisatie van het bankkrediet --- 33 --- Krediet --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- 940 --- monetaire geschiedenis --- krediet --- economische en sociale geschiedenis --- histoire économique et sociale