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An estimated 2 billion people, one third of the global population, are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Spread through the air, this infectious disease killed 1.7 million in 2009, and is the leading killer of people with HIV. Tuberculosis (TB) is also a disease of poverty--the vast majority of tuberculosis deaths occur in the developing world. Exacerbating the devastation caused by TB is the growing threat of drug-resistant forms of the disease in many parts of the world. Drug-resistant tuberculosis presents a number of significant challenges in terms of controlling its spread, diagnosing patients quickly and accurately, and using drugs to treat patients effectively. In Russia in recent decades, the rise of these strains of TB, resistant to standard antibiotic treatment, has been exacerbated by the occurrence of social, political, and economic upheavals. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, in conjunction with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences held a workshop to discuss ways to fight the growing threat of drug-resistant TB. This book presents information from experts on the nature of this threat and how it can be addressed by exploring various treatment and diagnostic options.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - Russia. --- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- Antitubercular agents --- Anti-Bacterial Agents --- Mycobacterium Infections --- Actinomycetales Infections --- Anti-Infective Agents --- Therapeutic Uses --- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Bacterial Infections --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Diseases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant --- Tuberculosis --- Antitubercular Agents --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Communicable Diseases --- Consumption (Disease) --- Lungs --- Phthisis --- Pulmonary tuberculosis --- TB (Disease) --- Chest --- Mycobacterial diseases

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Tuberculosis --- Microbiological Techniques --- Mycobacterium --- Mycobacterium Infections --- Mycobacteriaceae --- Clinical Laboratory Techniques --- Actinomycetales --- Actinomycetales Infections --- Investigative Techniques --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Regular --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Actinobacteria --- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods --- Gram-Positive Bacteria --- Gram-Positive Rods --- Bacterial Infections --- Bacteria --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Diseases --- Organisms --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant --- Bacteriological Techniques --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures.