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Result of survey on Household living standards in Vietnam.

Cost and standard of living --- Household surveys --- Coût et niveau de la vie --- Cost and standard of living. --- Household surveys. --- Vietnam. --- Vietnam

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Explores and explains the economic status of Americans in the aftermath of the Great Recession.

Discretionary income -- United States -- Statistics. --- Household surveys -- United States. --- Income -- United States -- Statistics. --- Income distribution -- United States -- Statistics. --- United States -- Economic conditions -- 1971-1981 -- Statistics. --- United States -- Economic conditions -- 1981-2001 -- Statistics. --- Income --- Income distribution --- Discretionary income --- Household surveys --- United States --- Economic conditions

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Household surveys in Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were analyzed using a two-stage Heckman model to examine the factors influencing the decision to use liquefied petroleum gas (stage 1) and, among users, the quantity consumed per person (stage 2). In the first stage, liquefied petroleum gas selection in all six countries increased with household expenditure and the highest level of education attained by female and male household members. Electricity connection increased, and engagement in agriculture and increasing household size decreased, liquefied petroleum gas selection in five countries; urban residence increased selection in four countries; and rising firewood and kerosene prices increased selection in three countries each. In the second stage, the quantity of liquefied petroleum gas consumed increased with rising household expenditure and decreasing price of liquefied petroleum gas in every country. Urban residence increased and engagement in agriculture decreased liquefied petroleum gas consumption. Surveys in Albania, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, which did not report quantities, were also examined by calculating quantities using national average prices. Although fuel prices faced by individual households could not be tested, the findings largely supported those from the first six countries. Once the education levels of men and women were separately accounted for, the gender of the head of household was not statistically significant in most cases across the ten countries. Where it was significant (five equations), the sign of the coefficient was positive for men, possibly suggesting that female-headed households are burdened with unmeasured economic disadvantages, making less cash available for purchasing liquefied petroleum gas.

Biomass --- Cooking --- Education --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Conservation & Efficiency --- Energy Poverty --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Fuel --- Gender --- Heckman --- Household Surveys --- Liquefied Petroleum Gas --- LPG --- Markets and Market Access --- Renewable Energy

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This report on adaptation to climate variability and change draws together the conclusions of a series of comparative case studies undertaken for the Area-Based Development and Climate Change (ABDCC) project of the Social Development Department of the World Bank. The report contributes to a better understanding of pro-poor adaptation by addressing the growing need for systematic analyses of existing rural adaptation strategies in the face of climate variability. The study shows: 1) how different types of climate phenomena affect households that are already vulnerable owing to their political-economic and social circumstances, 2) the ways in which households cope with and adapt to climate hazards, and 3) the role of rural organizations and institutions in helping vulnerable households cope with climate impacts and other sources of vulnerability more effectively. The study also complements other macro-level analyses in which the focus is primarily on government policies in the context of adaptation. The ABDCC study relied on four strategies for its implementation, data collection, and capacity building efforts: 1) review of secondary information and the selection of study sites; 2) data collection through household, focus group, and expert interviews; 3) data analysis and identification of feasible policy options; and 4) capacity building and dissemination of results. The study generated data both from secondary sources as well as primary research. The data was used to prepare country reports and policy notes but has also been analyzed using basic statistical methods to understand the relationship between institutions, adaptation strategies, and social groups within communities and territories.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Capacity Building --- Climate --- Decision Making --- Disasters --- Emissions --- Environment --- Floods --- Gender --- Global Environment Facility --- Heat Waves --- Household Income --- Household Surveys --- Hurricanes --- Knowledge Gaps --- Precipitation --- Rainfall --- Social Capital --- Social Development --- Social Inclusion & Institutions --- Storms

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The significance of secondary education emerges from its critical role in promoting economic growth by determining the quality of those who enter labor market after schooling as well as those who pursue higher education. Secondary education is also important due to the positive externalities on promoting health, social cohesion and sustainable livelihood. Secondary education is undeniably the crucial stage in any education system, as it is in this stage that the elementary school graduates get their basic skills cemented and gain competencies that prepare them to enter either into higher education or into labor market. This analytical report presents the status of secondary education participation the participation in India using National Sample Survey (NSS) 64th round (2007-08). The specific objectives of this policy note are: a) the participation rates of adolescents in secondary education, disaggregated by gender, social and religious groups, household economic quintiles and different locations (rural or urban as well as across states) in India using NSS 64th round (2007-08); b) the transition patterns from elementary to secondary stage and dropouts in between, disaggregated; and c) the proportion of population who had secondary education; and participation in secondary education by type of management of schools. This policy note is organized in the following way. In the first section, a brief account of the secondary education scenario in the country is provided. In the second section, overall secondary education participation is analyzed. In section three, an analysis of gender and social or religious gaps in secondary education participation is taken up.

Access & Equity in Basic Education --- Adolescents --- Developing Countries --- Economic Development --- Education --- Education For All --- Elementary Education --- Gender --- Higher Education --- Household Size --- Household Surveys --- Primary Education --- Respect --- Secondary Education --- Unemployment --- Urban Areas