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Book
A behavioral theory of elections
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1283163748 9786613163745 1400836808 069113507X 0691135061 9780691135069 9780691135076 9781400836802 Year: 2011 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

Most theories of elections assume that voters and political actors are fully rational. While these formulations produce many insights, they also generate anomalies--most famously, about turnout. The rise of behavioral economics has posed new challenges to the premise of rationality. This groundbreaking book provides a behavioral theory of elections based on the notion that all actors--politicians as well as voters--are only boundedly rational. The theory posits learning via trial and error: actions that surpass an actor's aspiration level are more likely to be used in the future, while those that fall short are less likely to be tried later. Based on this idea of adaptation, the authors construct formal models of party competition, turnout, and voters' choices of candidates. These models predict substantial turnout levels, voters sorting into parties, and winning parties adopting centrist platforms. In multiparty elections, voters are able to coordinate vote choices on majority-preferred candidates, while all candidates garner significant vote shares. Overall, the behavioral theory and its models produce macroimplications consistent with the data on elections, and they use plausible microassumptions about the cognitive capacities of politicians and voters. A computational model accompanies the book and can be used as a tool for further research.

Keywords

Elections. --- Voting --- Behaviorism (Political science) --- Behavioralism (Political science) --- Behaviouralism (Political science) --- Behaviourism (Political science) --- Political psychology --- Polls --- Elections --- Politics, Practical --- Social choice --- Suffrage --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Political science --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Psychological aspects. --- Political systems --- Social psychology --- Condorcet winner. --- Downsian party competition. --- Duverger's Law. --- Markov chain. --- Pareto dominance. --- adaptation. --- aspiration-based adaptation. --- aspiration-based adaptive rule. --- aspiration-based adjustment. --- aspirations. --- bandwagon effect. --- behavior. --- behavioral theory. --- bounded rationality. --- candidates. --- computational model. --- decision making. --- election voting. --- elections. --- equilibrium behavior. --- faction size. --- framing. --- game-theoretic model. --- hedonics. --- heuristics. --- incumbent. --- majority faction. --- multiparty elections. --- parties. --- party affiliation. --- party competition. --- payoffs. --- platforms. --- political parties. --- politicians. --- population size. --- propensity. --- rational choice theory. --- rational choice. --- rationality. --- retrospective voting. --- satisficing. --- search behavior. --- stochastic process. --- turnout. --- two-party elections. --- voter choice. --- voter coordination. --- voter participation. --- voter turnout. --- voters. --- Balloting


Book
Facing the challenge of democracy : explorations in the analysis of public opinion and political participation
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1283519216 9786613831668 1400840309 9781400840304 9780691151106 9780691151113 0691151113 9780691151113 0691151105 9780691151106 Year: 2011 Publisher: Princeton : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

Citizens are political simpletons--that is only a modest exaggeration of a common characterization of voters. Certainly, there is no shortage of evidence of citizens' limited political knowledge, even about matters of the highest importance, along with inconsistencies in their thinking, some glaring by any standard. But this picture of citizens all too often approaches caricature. Paul Sniderman and Benjamin Highton bring together leading political scientists who offer new insights into the political thinking of the public, the causes of party polarization, the motivations for political participation, and the paradoxical relationship between turnout and democratic representation. These studies propel a foundational argument about democracy. Voters can only do as well as the alternatives on offer. These alternatives are constrained by third players, in particular activists, interest groups, and financial contributors. The result: voters often appear to be shortsighted, extreme, and inconsistent because the alternatives they must choose between are shortsighted, extreme, and inconsistent. Facing the Challenge of Democracy features contributions by John Aldrich, Stephen Ansolabehere, Edward Carmines, Jack Citrin, Susanna Dilliplane, Christopher Ellis, Michael Ensley, Melanie Freeze, Donald Green, Eitan Hersh, Simon Jackman, Gary Jacobson, Matthew Knee, Jonathan Krasno, Arthur Lupia, David Magleby, Eric McGhee, Diana Mutz, Candice Nelson, Benjamin Page, Kathryn Pearson, Eric Schickler, John Sides, James Stimson, Lynn Vavreck, Michael Wagner, Mark Westlye, and Tao Xie.

Keywords

Public opinion --- Political participation --- United States --- Politics and government --- 1950s sociology. --- 2008 National Annenberg Election Study. --- American party system. --- American politics. --- American public opinion. --- Election Day registration. --- George W. Bush. --- John McCain. --- NAES. --- Pure Independents. --- Sarah Palin. --- U.S. elections. --- U.S. senators. --- U.SЃhina relations. --- Who Votes?. --- activism. --- alternative modeling strategies. --- campaign strategy. --- candidate-centered campaigns. --- candidate-centered voting. --- challenger partisans. --- citizen competence. --- citizen preferences. --- citizens. --- civic engagement. --- closing dates. --- cognition. --- conflict of interest. --- congressional elections. --- conservative identification. --- cosmopolitan orientation. --- cosmopolitanism. --- democracy. --- democratic representation. --- election outcomes. --- electoral preferences. --- elite-driven theory. --- foreign policy. --- ideological conservatives. --- ideological consistency. --- ideological contradiction. --- ideological polarization. --- ideological shift. --- incumbent partisans. --- independent voter. --- independents. --- institution-free approach. --- institutions. --- issue preferences. --- job approval ratings. --- liberal policy preferences. --- mass belief systems. --- mass opinion. --- modern political campaigns. --- nonvoters. --- ordinary citizens. --- participatory bias. --- partisan bias. --- partisan differences. --- partisan differential. --- partisan polarization. --- party identification. --- party polarization. --- party-centered voting. --- polarization. --- policy preference heuristics. --- policy preferences. --- political activism. --- political behavior. --- political candidates. --- political consistency. --- political participation. --- political participations. --- political parties. --- political preferences. --- political right. --- political scientists. --- politically coherent choices. --- politics. --- public opinion surveys. --- public opinion. --- public. --- purposive belief systems. --- purposive reasoning. --- registration deadlines. --- roll-call behavior. --- social spaces. --- universal turnout. --- vote choice. --- vote misreporting. --- vote models. --- vote preference. --- vote validation study. --- voter turnout. --- voters. --- votes.

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