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"A long-standing question in social science is to what extent differences in management cause differences in firm performance. To investigate this we ran a management field experiment on large Indian textile firms. We provided free consulting on modern management practices to a randomly chosen set of treatment plants and compared their performance to the control plants. We find that adopting these management practices had three main effects. First, it raised average productivity by 11% through improved quality and efficiency and reduced inventory. Second, it increased decentralization of decision making, as better information flow enabled owners to delegate more decisions to middle managers. Third, it increased the use of computers, necessitated by the data collection and analysis involved in modern management. Since these practices were profitable this raises the question of why firms had not adopted these before. Our results suggest that informational barriers were a primary factor in explaining this lack of adoption. Modern management is a technology that diffuses slowly between firms, with many Indian firms initially unaware of its existence or impact. Since competition was limited by constraints on firm entry and growth, badly managed firms were not rapidly driven from the market"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior --- Business Economics --- Industrialization • Manufacturing and Service Industries • Choice of Technology --- Management of Technological Innovation and R&D --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes

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Da molti anni si sente parlare di software libero e di tecnologie aperte e dei vari aspetti etici, filosofici, giuridici ed economici connessi a questo particolare modo di approcciare l'informatica. Spesso si è sottolineata l'importanza di poter disporre di strumenti software che fossero distribuiti in modalità libera dai tradizionali vincoli della proprietà industriale e il messaggio sembra ormai arrivato anche ai grandi player del settore ICT. Quello che non tutti sanno (o che trovano più comodo non sapere) è invece che poco conta il poter disporre di software libero e open source se il mercato e con lui le prassi comuni degli utenti sono irrigiditi su meccanismi viziosi da cui è sempre difficile allontanarsi. Quale magra consolazione è usare software libero sul nostro computer se poi vediamo costantemente che la gran parte delle informazioni presenti in rete circolano in forme e modi del tutto chiusi, proprietari, non trasparenti! Questo libro intende, una volta per tutte, spostare l'attenzione del dibattito scientifico e della relativa opera di divulgazione non tanto sugli strumenti con cui si producono informazioni ma sulle informazioni stesse e sugli standard con cui esse sono codificate, rappresentate, comunicate, memorizzate. Interoperabilità e neutralità tecnologica diventano quindi categorie e valori ancora più centrali di libertà e apertura, o quantomeno diventano i prerequisiti fondamentali per l'effettiva realizzazione di un ecosistema digitale libero, aperto, trasparente... ma soprattutto efficiente ed equo. Rivolto a tutti coloro che producono e trasmettono informazioni in ambiente digitale e che vogliono sapere con chiarezza le regole del gioco a cui partecipano.

Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Free computer software. --- Technological innovations. --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Free software --- Freeware --- Public domain software --- Software, Free computer --- Computer software --- Free material

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The Basque Country region in Spain is world renowned for a successful industrial transformation, the urban regeneration of Bilbao, cultural distinctiveness, unique governance arrangements and high wealth levels. Over the last 30 years, the region has implemented its science, technology and innovation (STI) policy driven by a need to boost industrial competitiveness. The role of total factor productivity and innovation in driving growth was significant in the 1990s and declined in the early part of this decade, but appears to be on the rise again thanks in part to significant increases in public and private investment in innovation.  The Basque Country has begun a transition from a model of incremental innovation in manufacturing to a model increasingly based on science and other forms of knowledge. Through a diagnostic of the innovation system and the policy mix, the review offers some policy and governance recommendations to achieve the region’s desired transition in light of global trends in the innovation process and innovation policy.

POLITICAL SCIENCE --- Government / International --- Technological innovations --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Economic aspects --- Government policy --- País Vasco (Spain) --- Economic conditions. --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Pais Vasco (Spain)

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Regions in Switzerland are performing well in many respects. They have high levels of GDP per capita and low unemployment rates, and some regions show impressive growth rates. In addition, Swiss regions have not been confronted with the challenges faced by many similar regions in the OECD, such as limited access to services and population decline due to ageing or emigration. Regional labour productivity growth still requires further policy attention. In order to improve regional economic performance, Switzerland introduced the New Regional Policy (NRP) in 2008, following the 2002 OECD Territorial Review of Switzerland. The NRP reflects a clear shift of focus from infrastructure and financial assistance towards economic support for the creation of value added to the regional economy. The current review provides recommendations on how the impact of the NRP can be increased through extended territorial coverage, inter-cantonal co-operation, and co-ordination of sectoral policies. This review also takes a close look at regional innovation policies, arguing that a division of roles should be achieved, with the federal level funding research and technology transfer on a country-wide basis, and cantons providing innovation support according to functional areas.

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS --- International / General --- Regional planning --- Technological innovations --- Government policy --- Switzerland --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Economic policy. --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer

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No detailed description available for "Reworking the World".

Arbeidsorganisatie 331.103 --- Industrial organization --- Organizational change --- Technological innovations --- Corporate culture --- Economic aspects --- E-books --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Change, Organizational --- Organization development --- Organizational development --- Organizational innovation --- Management --- Organization --- Manpower planning --- Industries --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial management --- Industrial sociology