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Signal transduction --- immunology --- Signal transduction --- immunology

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Signal transduction pathways are at the core of most biological processes and are critical regulators of heart physiology and pathophysiology. The heart is both a transmitter and dynamic receptor of a variety of intracellular and extracellular stimuli, playing a critical role of an integrator of diverse signaling mechanisms. Alterations in signaling pathways are contributing factors in the development and progression of a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from dysrhythmias and atherosclerosis to hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Targeting specific components of these signaling pathways has been shown to be effective in preclinical studies with significant therapeutic impact.

Human biochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Pathology of the circulatory system --- biochemie --- cardiologie --- Heart --- Signal Transduction --- Heart Diseases --- Cellular signal transduction --- Coeur --- Transduction du signal cellulaire --- physiology. --- physiopathology. --- Physiology --- Pathophysiology --- Physiologie --- Physiopathologie --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVMEDEC SPRINGER-B

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Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to efficiently adapt to changing environmental conditions during their life cycle. Nutrient acquisition from the soil has to be able to adapt to considerable fluctuations in concentrations to ensure adequate distribution between tissues, cells and organelles. The storage and retrieval of nutrients, metabolites or toxic substances in vacuoles plays an important part in cellular homeostasis in plants. The long-range transport and maintenance of turgor is critically dependent on the availability of water and rate of evaporation, while at the same time photosynthetic products have to be transported to all plant parts. As a result plants contain a large number of ATP-dependent pumps and secondary transporters that, in order to adapt to the changing environment, need to be regulated by a complex network of sensing and signaling mechanisms. Plants share many basic elements of signal transduction with animals, but also contain plant-specific signaling molecules and mechanisms. In this volume, the role of transporters and pumps in the regulation of movement, long-range transport and compartmentalization of water, solutes, nutrients and classical signaling molecules is highlighted, and the function, regulation and membrane-transporter interaction and their roles in plant signaling controlling plant physiology and development are discussed.

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant. --- Plant cellular signal transduction. --- Plant molecular biology. --- Plant Physiological Phenomena. --- Plants -- growth & development. --- Signal Transduction. --- Plant cellular signal transduction --- Carrier proteins --- Plant cellular control mechanisms --- Plant cell compartmentation --- Plant physiology --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Life sciences. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Plant physiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Sciences. --- Cellular signal transduction --- Biochemistry. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Composition --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Floristic botany

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The Wnt pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling network that is critical for mammalian development and adult tissue maintenance, and, importantly, hyperactivated in most human cancers. Almost two decades of study has confirmed that Wnt signaling is necessary and sufficient for cancer pathogenesis in multiple in vitro and in vivo models systems, suggesting that the pathway represents an attractive therapeutic target.  Recent efforts have focused on innovative strategies to antagonize Wnt signaling at various levels of the pathway – from attenuating the extracellular signaling through the Wnt receptors to modulating the catenin destruction complex to blocking catenin-mediated transcription. Many of these approaches have been largely successful in preclinical validation studies and have been met with considerable enthusiasm to move forward into clinical trials. In this book, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the complexity of the Wnt pathway, particularly its intricate regulation and cross-talk with other key signal transduction pathways in normal and tumor cells. As a way to comprehend the role of Wnt pathway activation in tumor initiation and progression, we discuss the importance of Wnt signaling in embryonic and tissue development and stem cell maintenance and self-renewal. The evidence for aberrant Wnt pathway activation in human solid and hematopoietic cancers, as well as a few of the genetic mouse models that mimic the Wnt pathway deregulation observed in some of these tumor types, is reviewed. Lastly, we summarize the current status of the development of Wnt pathway inhibitors, their efficacy in preclinical models and their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer. It is an exciting time in the Wnt signaling field – one that represents a key crossroad between dissecting the molecular details of the pathway and translating that work into promising targeted tumor therapies – that is likely to profoundly impact this research area for years to come.

Cancer -- Genetic aspects. --- Neoplasms -- genetics. --- Neoplasms -- therapy. --- Signal Transduction. --- Targeted Gene Repair -- methods. --- Wnt genes. --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Biology --- Biochemical Processes --- Gene Therapy --- Investigative Techniques --- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed --- Diseases --- Proteins --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Chemical Processes --- Genetic Engineering --- Protein Engineering --- Biological Therapy --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Biological Factors --- Peptides --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Chemical Phenomena --- Therapeutics --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Genetic Techniques --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Wnt Proteins --- Neoplasms --- Signal Transduction --- Genetics --- Targeted Gene Repair --- Methods --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Wnt proteins. --- Cancer. --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Oncology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cancer Research. --- Tumors --- Glycoproteins --- Growth factors --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Oncology  . --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Wnt pathway. --- Pathway, Wnt --- Signal transduction pathway, Wnt --- Signaling pathway, Wnt --- Wnt signal transduction pathway --- Wnt signaling pathway --- Cellular signal transduction --- Cancer research --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood-tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.

Vascular endothelium. --- Blood Vessels --- Endothelium --- Epithelium --- Cardiovascular System --- Anatomy --- Tissues --- Endothelium, Vascular --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physiology --- Capillaries --- Endothelium, Vascular. --- Capillary Permeability. --- Permeability. --- Microvascular permeability --- Endothelial barrier --- Cell-cell junction --- Cell-matrix adhesion --- Cytoskeleton --- Signal transduction