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African American children --- Segregation in education --- African Americans --- Education --- School segregation --- Discrimination in education --- Race relations in school management --- School integration --- Afro-American children --- Children, African American --- Negro children --- Children --- History --- History. --- Civil rights. --- Segregation --- United States --- Race relations

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In the first book to present the history of Baltimore school desegregation, Howell S. Baum shows how good intentions got stuck on what Gunnar Myrdal called the "American Dilemma." Immediately after the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, the city's liberal school board voted to desegregate and adopted a free choice policy that made integration voluntary. Baltimore's school desegregation proceeded peacefully, without the resistance or violence that occurred elsewhere. However, few whites chose to attend school with blacks, and after a few years of modest desegregation, schools resegregated and became increasingly segregated. The school board never changed its policy. Black leaders had urged the board to adopt free choice and, despite the limited desegregation, continued to support the policy and never sued the board to do anything else. Baum finds that American liberalism is the key to explaining how this happened. Myrdal observed that many whites believed in equality in the abstract but considered blacks inferior and treated them unequally. School officials were classical liberals who saw the world in terms of individuals, not races. They adopted a desegregation policy that explicitly ignored students' race and asserted that all students were equal in freedom to choose schools, while their policy let whites who disliked blacks avoid integration. School officials' liberal thinking hindered them from understanding or talking about the city's history of racial segregation, continuing barriers to desegregation, and realistic change strategies. From the classroom to city hall, Baum examines how Baltimore's distinct identity as a border city between North and South shaped local conversations about the national conflict over race and equality. The city's history of wrestling with the legacy of Brown reveals Americans' preferred way of dealing with racial issues: not talking about race. This avoidance, Baum concludes, allows segregation to continue.

Liberalism --- School choice --- Race relations in school management --- Segregation in education --- School integration --- Liberal egalitarianism --- Liberty --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Choice of school --- Parents' choice of school --- School, Choice of --- Schools --- Education --- Race problems in school management --- School management and organization --- School segregation --- Discrimination in education --- Desegregation in education --- Integration in education --- School desegregation --- Magnet schools --- Selection --- Segregation --- Integration --- Baltimore (Md.) --- Baltimore City (Md.) --- City of Baltimore (Md.) --- Charm City (Md.) --- Baltemore Town (Md.) --- Race relations. --- Mobtown (Md.)

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"An overview of efforts to provide formal schooling to the children of native peoples of North America, from seventeenth century New France to the residential Indian schools of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the Indian charter schools of the twenty-first. The racial assumptions of the White majority, the ambivalence of Indian families and tribes about the schooling offered to their children and youth, the uneasy cooperation between church groups and government, and efforts to maintain or revive native languages, are discussed in a perspective covering both Canada and the United States"-- "Tracing the history of Native American schooling in North America, this book emphasizes factors in society at large--and sometimes within indigenous communities--which led to Native American children being separate from the white majority. Charles Glenn examines the evolving assumptions about race and culture as applied to schooling, the reactions of parents and tribal leadership in the United States and Canada, and the symbolic as well as practical role of indigenous languages and of efforts to maintain them"--

Church and education --- Discrimination in education --- Education and state --- Indians of North America --- Racism in education --- 378.4 <73> --- Indian inspectors --- Off-reservation boarding schools --- Education --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Educational discrimination --- Race discrimination in education --- Affirmative action programs in education --- Segregation in education --- Education and church --- 378.4 <73> Universiteiten--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Universiteiten--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- History --- Government relations --- Government policy --- Schools --- North America --- Politics and government. --- Race relations. --- Teaching --- United States --- Turtle Island (Continent) --- United States of America

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"When the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Prince Edward County, Virginia, home to one of the five cases combined by the Court under Brown, abolished its public school system rather than integrate. Jill Titus situates the crisis in Prince Edward County within the seismic changes brought by Brown and Virginia's decision to resist desegregation. While school districts across the South temporarily closed a building here or there to block a specific desegregation order, only in Prince Edward did local authorities abandon public education entirely--and with every intention of permanence. When the public schools finally reopened after five years of struggle--under direct order of the Supreme Court--county authorities employed every weapon in their arsenal to ensure that the newly reopened system remained segregated, impoverished, and academically substandard. Intertwining educational and children's history with the history of the black freedom struggle, Titus draws on little-known archival sources and new interviews to reveal the ways that ordinary people, black and white, battled, and continue to battle, over the role of public education in the United States"--

School integration --- Educational equalization --- Public schools --- African American students --- Civil rights movements --- Brown, Oliver, --- Civil liberation movements --- Liberation movements (Civil rights) --- Protest movements (Civil rights) --- Afro-American students --- Negro students --- Students, African American --- Common schools --- Grammar schools --- School funds --- Secondary schools --- Educational inequality --- Equal education --- Equal educational opportunity --- Equalization, Educational --- Desegregation in education --- Education --- Integration in education --- School desegregation --- Integration --- Brown, Oliver Leon, --- EDUCATION / History --- HISTORY / United States / State & Local / South (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV) --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / African American Studies --- Human rights movements --- Students --- Schools --- Affirmative action programs in education --- Magnet schools --- Race relations in school management --- Segregation in education --- Aims and objectives --- Educational equality --- Educational equity --- Equality of education --- Equity, Educational --- Inequality, Educational --- Opportunity, Equal educational

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The United States Supreme Court's 1954 landmark decision, Brown v. Board of Education, set into motion a process of desegregation that would eventually transform American public schools. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of how Brown's most visible effect--contact between students of different racial groups--has changed over the fifty years since the decision. Using both published and unpublished data on school enrollments from across the country, Charles Clotfelter uses measures of interracial contact, racial isolation, and segregation to chronicle the changes. He goes beyond previous studies by drawing on heretofore unanalyzed enrollment data covering the first decade after Brown, calculating segregation for metropolitan areas rather than just school districts, accounting for private schools, presenting recent information on segregation within schools, and measuring segregation in college enrollment. Two main conclusions emerge. First, interracial contact in American schools and colleges increased markedly over the period, with the most dramatic changes occurring in the previously segregated South. Second, despite this change, four main factors prevented even larger increases: white reluctance to accept racially mixed schools, the multiplicity of options for avoiding such schools, the willingness of local officials to accommodate the wishes of reluctant whites, and the eventual loss of will on the part of those who had been the strongest protagonists in the push for desegregation. Thus decreases in segregation within districts were partially offset by growing disparities between districts and by selected increases in private school enrollment.

Education and state --- Segregation in education --- School integration --- African Americans --- Education --- Segregation --- Academic achievement. --- Affirmative action. --- African Americans. --- Asian Americans. --- Attendance. --- Black school. --- Border Region. --- Brown v. Board of Education. --- Calculation. --- Catholic school. --- Census tract. --- Central State University. --- Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. --- Cheyney University of Pennsylvania. --- Civil Rights Act of 1964. --- Classroom. --- Common Core State Standards Initiative. --- Community college. --- De jure. --- Desegregation busing. --- Desegregation. --- Education. --- Elementary school. --- Equal Education. --- Equal opportunity. --- Ethnic group. --- Extracurricular activity. --- Finding. --- Fort Wayne Community Schools. --- Gary Orfield. --- Gordon Allport. --- Graduate school. --- Gunnar Myrdal. --- Harvard College. --- Harvard University. --- Higher education. --- Historically black colleges and universities. --- Household. --- Income. --- Institution. --- Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. --- Junior college. --- Kindergarten. --- Lincoln University (Pennsylvania). --- Magnet school. --- Matriculation. --- Metropolitan statistical area. --- Middle school. --- Milliken v. Bradley. --- Minority group. --- Mixed-sex education. --- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. --- National Association of Independent Schools. --- National Center for Education Statistics. --- New York City Department of Education. --- Ninth grade. --- Of Education. --- Office for Civil Rights. --- Pell Grant. --- Percentage point. --- Percentage. --- Policy debate. --- Private school. --- Private sector. --- Private university. --- Psychologist. --- Public school (United Kingdom). --- Public university. --- Racial "a. --- Racial integration. --- Racial segregation. --- Racism. --- Rates (tax). --- School choice. --- School district. --- School of education. --- Secondary education. --- Secondary school. --- Self-esteem. --- Separate school. --- Slavery. --- Social class. --- Social science. --- Sociology. --- Special education. --- State school. --- Student. --- Students' union. --- Suburb. --- Sweatt v. Painter. --- Teacher. --- Tenth grade. --- Tuition payments. --- Undergraduate education. --- University and college admission. --- University of North Carolina. --- University-preparatory school. --- University. --- White flight. --- Year.