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Film --- Russian Federation --- Russia

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Russia is sometimes referred to as “the Saudi Arabia of energy efficiency”; its vast potential to reduce energy consumption can be considered a significant “energy reserve”. Russia, recognising the benefits of more efficient use of energy, is taking measures to exploit this potential. The president has set the goal to reduce energy intensity by 40% between 2007 and 2020. In the past few years, the IEA has worked closely with Russian authorities to support the development of energy efficiency indicators in Russia, critical to an effective implementation and monitoring of Russia’s ambitious energy intensity and efficiency goals. The key findings of the IEA work with Russia on developing energy efficiency indicators form the core of this report.

Energy --- Russian Federation

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Russia is sometimes referred to as “the Saudi Arabia of energy efficiency”; its vast potential to reduce energy consumption can be considered a significant “energy reserve”. Russia, recognising the benefits of more efficient use of energy, is taking measures to exploit this potential. The president has set the goal to reduce energy intensity by 40% between 2007 and 2020. In the past few years, the IEA has worked closely with Russian authorities to support the development of energy efficiency indicators in Russia, critical to an effective implementation and monitoring of Russia’s ambitious energy intensity and efficiency goals. The key findings of the IEA work with Russia on developing energy efficiency indicators form the core of this report.

Energy --- Russian Federation

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In the 16 years since the OECD began conducting Economic Surveys of the Russian Federation, a great many policy recommendations relating to structural reform and framework conditions have been made. This paper, expanding on Annex 1.A1 in the 2011 OECD Economic Survey of the Russian Federation, provides a summary tabulation of the state of implementation of a large number of these past Survey recommendations.

Economics --- Russian Federation

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"Non-contractual liability, stemming from damage accountably caused to another, has been the subject of the PETL and DCFR VI European reform initiatives. Gert Brüggemeier, however, proposes alternative reforms which, instead of trying to overcome the differences between civil law (delict) and common law (torts), are restricted to civil liability. The focus is on the grounds of accountability, and stricter forms of liability are at the fore. Quasi-strict enterprise liability is introduced to fill the lacuna between personal fault and forms of strict liability. A commentary is included on recent legislation on civil liability in China, Brazil and Russia to demonstrate how these large countries try to come to grips with the challenges of 'risk society'"-- "One who in a legally attributable way injures the legally protected interests of another is bound to compensate the injured for the loss resulting therefrom. Article 1:102 Legally Protected Interests of a Human Being (1) Legally protected interests are, in particular, the life, bodily and health integrity, as well as the free movement of a human being. In respect of the compensation of fatal injuries, special rules apply (Articles 6:201/202). (2) The legally protected interests of an individual person also include intangible legal interests such as dignity, self-determination, privacy, as well as the 'right' to personal identity, to one's own image, name, voice and personal data"--

Tort and negligence --- Brazil --- China --- Russian Federation --- Europe --- Liability (Law) --- LAW / Torts --- LAW / Torts. --- Russia --- Liability (law) --- Law / torts.