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1900-1914. Entre ces deux dates se produisent des bouleversements intellectuels majeurs. L’un d’eux est longtemps resté méconnu dans la tradition philosophique française : la création de la logique moderne qui rend obsolète la logique traditionnelle et qui, du même coup, sape le fondement de la métaphysique classique. Ce bouleversement a pour auteurs deux hommes : Russell et son étudiant Wittgenstein. Le premier écrit, en 1910, le volume 1 des Principia Mathematica ; le second médite depuis 1913 le Tractatus logico-philosophicus, finalement publié en 1921 en allemand et en 1922 en anglais. Au centre de ce bouleversement, une notion dont l’analyse et l’interprétation vont commander la signification et la portée philosophiques de la logique moderne : la vérité. Russell est conscient de la force et de la pertinence des objections de son cadet. Pourtant, il ne saura admettre, comprendre, ni même entrevoir l’immense portée du refus de Wittgenstein d’introduire dans la logique une référence à un sujet pensant et à des lois de la pensée.

Truth --- Logic --- Russell, Bertrand, - 1872-1970 --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig, - 1889-1951

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The book combines a historical and philosophical study of Russell's theory of descriptions. It defends, develops and extends the theory as a contribution to natural language semantics while also arguing for a reassessment of the important of linguistic inquiry to Russell's philosophical project.

Description (Philosophy) --- Language and languages --- Philosophy, English --- Description (Philosophie) --- Langage et langues --- Philosophie anglaise --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- Russell, Bertrand, --- Language and languages - Philosophy --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Russell, Bertrand, - 1872-1970

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Originally published in 1910, Principia Mathematica led to the development of mathematical logic and computers and thus to information sciences. It became a model for modern analytic philosophy and remains an important work. In the late 1960s the Bertrand Russell Archives at McMaster University in Canada obtained Russell's papers, letters and library. These archives contained the manuscripts for the new Introduction and three Appendices that Russell added to the second edition in 1925. Also included was another manuscript, 'The Hierarchy of Propositions and Functions', which was divided up and re-used to create the final changes for the second edition. These documents provide fascinating insight, including Russell's attempts to work out the theorems in the flawed Appendix B, 'On Induction'. An extensive introduction describes the stages of the manuscript material on the way to print and analyzes the proposed changes in the context of the development of symbolic logic after 1910.

Mathematics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Mathématiques --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- Russell, Bertrand, --- 510.6 --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Logic of mathematics --- Mathematics, Logic of --- 510.6 Mathematical logic --- Mathématiques --- Logique symbolique et mathématique --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Philosophy --- Russell, Bertrand