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Natural products --- Biological products --- Biological products. --- Natural products. --- Products, Natural --- Raw materials --- Bioproducts --- Products, Biological --- Metabolites --- Biochemistry --- Produits naturels --- Produits biologiques

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"This book examines the issue of price volatility in agricultural commodities markets and how this phenomenon has evolved in recent years. The factors underlying the price spike of 2007-08 appear to be global and macroeconomic in nature, including the rapid growth in demand by developing countries, the international financial crisis, and exchange rate movements. Some of these factors are new, appearing as influences on price volatility only in the last decade. Although volatility has always been a feature of agricultural commodity markets, the evidence suggests that volatility has increased in certain commodity markets. A growing problem is that agricultural price shocks and volatility disrupt agricultural markets, economic incentives and incomes. With increased globalization and integration of financial and energy markets with agricultural commodity markets, the relationships between markets are expanding and becoming more complex. When a crisis such as a regional drought, food safety scare or a financial crisis hits a particular market, policy-makers often do not know the extent to which it will impact on other markets and affect producer, consumer and trader decisions. Including contributions from experts at the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the USDA, and the European Commission, the research developed throughout the chapters of this book is based on current methodologies that can be used to analyze price volatility and provide directions for understanding this volatility and the development of new agricultural policies. The book highlights the challenges facing policy makers in dealing with the changing nature of agricultural commodities markets, and offers recommendations for anticipating price movements and managing their consequences. It will be a practical guide for both present and future policy-makers in deciding on potential price-stabilizing interventions, and will also serve as a useful resource for researchers and students in agricultural economics."--Publisher's website.

Agricultural prices --- Forecasting --- Farm produce --- 338.722.6 --- 380.24 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Agricultural commodities --- Agricultural products --- Produce --- Agriculture --- Farm prices --- Prices&delete& --- Landbouwprijzen --- Vorming van klein-en groothandelsprijzen --- Prices --- Food --- Raw materials --- Plant products --- Produce trade --- Farm income --- Economic aspects --- Agricultural prices - Forecasting

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This book examines the issue of price volatility in agricultural commodities markets and how this phenomenon has evolved in recent years. The factors underlying the price spike of 2007-08 appear to be global and macroeconomic in nature, including the rapid growth in demand by developing countries, the international financial crisis, and exchange rate movements. Some of these factors are new, appearing as influences on price volatility only in the last decade. Although volatility has always been a feature of agricultural commodity markets, the evidence suggests that volatility has increased in certain commodity markets. A growing problem is that agricultural price shocks and volatility disrupt agricultural markets, economic incentives and incomes. With increased globalization and integration of financial and energy markets with agricultural commodity markets, the relationships between markets are expanding and becoming more complex. When a crisis such as a regional drought, food safety scare or a financial crisis hits a particular market, policy-makers often do not know the extent to which it will impact on other markets and affect producer, consumer and trader decisions. Including contributions from experts at the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the USDA, and the European Commission, the research developed throughout the chapters of this book is based on current methodologies that can be used to analyze price volatility and provide directions for understanding this volatility and the development of new agricultural policies. The book highlights the challenges facing policy makers in dealing with the changing nature of agricultural commodities markets, and offers recommendations for anticipating price movements and managing their consequences. It will be a practical guide for both present and future policy-makers in deciding on potential price-stabilizing interventions, and will also serve as a useful resource for researchers and students in agricultural economics.

Farm produce --- Agriculture --- Prices --- Forecasting. --- Economic aspects --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Agricultural commodities --- Agricultural products --- Produce --- Food --- Raw materials --- Plant products --- Produce trade --- Agricultural economics. --- Development economics. --- Economic policy. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Development Economics. --- Economic Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic development --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Production economics, Agricultural

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The price of food has become very volatile in recent years for a variety of reasons, including a strengthened connection between the prices of agricultural commodities and other commodities such as oil and metals, more volatile production due to more frequent droughts and floods, and a rising demand for biofuels. Understanding the determinants of agricultural commodity prices and the connections between prices has become a high priority for academics and applied economists who are interested in agricultural marketing and trade, policy analysis and international rural development.

Agricultural prices. --- Farm produce --- Prices. --- Prix agricoles --- Produits agricoles --- Prix --- Marketing. --- Commercialisation --- Agricultural prices --- -Prices --- AA / International- internationaal --- 380.20 --- 338.722.7 --- Commercial products --- Commodity prices --- Justum pretium --- Price theory --- Consumption (Economics) --- Cost --- Costs, Industrial --- Money --- Cost and standard of living --- Supply and demand --- Value --- Wages --- Willingness to pay --- Agricultural commodities --- Agricultural products --- Produce --- Agriculture --- Food --- Raw materials --- Plant products --- Produce trade --- Farm prices --- Prices --- Farm income --- Marketing --- Prijstheorieën: algemeenheden. --- Buitenlandse handel in landbouwproducten. --- Economic aspects --- Agricultural marketing --- Food trade --- Marketing of farm produce --- Buitenlandse handel in landbouwproducten --- Prijstheorieën: algemeenheden

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This work, published in two volumes, contains descriptions of the wood and bark anatomies of 3000 dicotyledonous plants of 120 families, highlighting the anatomical and phylogenetic diversity of dicotyledonous plants of the Northern Hemisphere. The first volume principally treats families of the Early Angiosperms, Eudicots, Core Eudicots and Rosids, while the second concentrates on the Asterids. Presented in Volume 1 are microsections of the xylem and phloem of herbs, shrubs and trees of 1200 species and 85 families of various life forms of the temperate zone along altitudinal gradients from the lowland at the Mediterranean coast to the alpine zone in Western Europe. The global perspective of the findings is underlined by the analysis of 500 species from the Caucasus, the Rocky Mountains and Andes, the subtropical zone on the Canary Islands, the arid zones in the Sahara, in Eurasia, Arabia and Southwest North America, and the boreal and arctic zones in Eurasia and Canada. The presence of annual rings in all life forms demonstrates that herbs and dwarf shrubs are an excellent tool for the reconstruction of annual biomass production and the interannual dynamic of plant associations. The common principle of the anatomical expression of secondary growth is a key factor in understanding evolution and adaptation processes in all life forms, from the 2 cm tall whitlow grass (Draba arctica) in the arctic to the 40 m tall beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Central European managed forests. The study opens vast fields of research for dendrochronology, wood anatomy, taxonomy and ecology.

Life sciences. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant Ecology. --- Wood. --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Anatomy --- Stems (Botany) --- Plant stems --- Stalks (Botany) --- Plant ecology. --- Forest products. --- Plant development. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Shoots (Botany) --- Stele (Botany) --- Plants --- Ecology --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Trees --- Timber --- Plant structure --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Structure --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Forest production --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Ontogeny --- Floristic ecology