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Maternal health services --- Prenatal care --- Postnatal care

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The main objective of this note is to outline the issues that need to be considered at the planning stage; and to analyze what are the options for Government of Pakistan (GOP) to consider extending social protection to health. Because the potential beneficiaries also access publicly?financed services from the public health sector, and because they are a large share of the supposed target beneficiaries of parallel initiatives financed by the Government, the Bank recommends that a team, including members from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), Ministry of Finance, Federal Ministry of health and the provincial governments be formed to discuss pros and cons of alternative design features. The Bank will be pleased to support this effort. This is the first of the policy note series on social protection in health by South Asia Human Development Sector (SASHD). Policy note dilates the essential principles and critical issues in the design of a social health insurance model and also presents various options available to extend health insurance to the target population (poor and vulnerable).

Access to Health Services --- Financial Management --- Gender --- Health Economics & Finance --- Health Insurance --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Outcomes --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hospitals --- Labor Market --- Moral Hazard --- Nutrition --- Postnatal Care --- Pregnancy --- Public Health --- Public Hospitals --- Public Sector --- Social Health Insurance --- Social Protections & Assistance --- Social Protections and Labor

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Several East Asian countries, in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, are considering an expansion of their social safety net programs. In many cases, existing delivery mechanisms for social assistance in the region tend to be basic, in line with the small size of programs. In a context of coverage expansion and proliferation of new programs, the risk of creating increasingly complex systems characterized by cross-incentives is high. Lack of coordination, ambiguous criteria for identifying and selecting beneficiaries, low administrative capacity, lack of transparency and limited beneficiary participation pose risks for program effectiveness and can decrease accountability. Good governance can improve program outcomes through effective program coordination, stronger accountability arrangements, provider incentives and greater transparency and participation. This paper proposes an analytical framework to systematically identify governance risks and constraints which, if removed, could improve the outcomes of modern social assistance programs.

Accountability --- Adolescents --- Conflict --- Corruption --- Decentralization --- Disclosure --- Discrimination --- Financial Crisis --- Financial Management --- Food Assistance --- Good Governance --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Health Insurance --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hospitals --- Household Income --- Human Capital --- Human Resources --- Insurance --- Judiciary --- Local Government --- Means Testing --- National Governance --- Political Economy --- Postnatal Care --- Poverty Line --- Poverty Monitoring & analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Public Hospitals --- Public officials --- Public Policy --- Public Sector --- Quality Control --- Rule of Law --- School Attendance --- School Feeding Programs --- Social Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Technical Assistance --- Vulnerable Groups --- Workers