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Palestinian Arabs --- Palestiniens --- Maps --- Cartes --- Political history - Palestine - Atlas.

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Years after the U.S. invasion of Iraq, a loosely organized insurgency continues to target American and Coalition soldiers, as well as Iraqi security forces and civilians, with devastating results. In this sobering account of the ongoing violence, Ahmed Hashim, a specialist on Middle Eastern strategic issues and on irregular warfare, reveals the insurgents behind the widespread revolt, their motives, and their tactics. The insurgency, he shows, is not a united movement directed by a leadership with a single ideological vision. Instead, it involves former regime loyalists, Iraqis resentful of foreign occupation, foreign and domestic Islamist extremists, and elements of organized crime. These groups have cooperated with one another in the past and coordinated their attacks; but the alliance between nationalist Iraqi insurgents on the one hand and religious extremists has frayed considerably. The U.S.-led offensive to retake Fallujah in November 2004 and the success of the elections for the Iraqi National Assembly in January 2005 have led more "mainstream" insurgent groups to begin thinking of reinforcing the political arm of their opposition movement and to seek political guarantees for the Sunni Arab community in the new Iraq.Hashim begins by placing the Iraqi revolt in its historical context. He next profiles the various insurgent groups, detailing their origins, aims, and operational and tactical modi operandi. He concludes with an unusually candid assessment of the successes and failures of the Coalition's counter-insurgency campaign. Looking ahead, Hashim warns that ethnic and sectarian groups may soon be pitted against one another in what will be a fiercely contested fight over who gets what in the new Iraq. Evidence that such a conflict is already developing does not augur well for Iraq's future stability. Both Iraq and the United States must work hard to ensure that slow but steady success over the insurgency is not overshadowed by growing ethno-sectarian animosities as various groups fight one another for the biggest slice of the political and economic pie. In place of sensational headlines, official triumphalism, and hand-wringing, Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Iraq offers a clear-eyed analysis of the increasingly complex violence that threatens the very future of Iraq.

Counterinsurgency --- Insurgency --- Iraq War, 2003 --- -Military History. --- Political Science & Political History. --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Military History.

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France --- History --- Politics and government --- French monarchy - Political history - Early 18th century - Régence. --- Philippe d'Orléans (régent de France ; 1674-1723) --- France. Conseil d'Etat (13..-1791) --- Institutions politiques --- 1715-1723 (Régence)

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Les oulémas sunnites syriens ont été au cœur des transformations socio-politiques préalables au soulèvement de 2011 ils seront également parmi ceux qui décideront in fine du sort de la dynastie Assad. Cet ouvrage comble un vide majeur en mettant en lumière les acteurs les plus influents d'une scène religieuse particulièrement méconnue. Avec l'éradication des Frères musulmans suite à l'insurrection manquée de 1982, les oulémas deviennent les représentants quasi exclusifs de la mouvance islamique dans le pays. En dépit de la répression, ils profitent de la désaffection du régime baasiste pour accroître patiemment leur influence sociale mais aussi économique et politique. Se met ainsi en place une configuration paradoxale, où un pouvoir de tradition laïque et dominé par des militaires alaouites d'extraction rurale se voit contraint de nouer un partenariat ambigu avec l'élite religieuse urbaine sunnite. Cette ambiguïté sera mise à nu par les événements de 2011, qui démontreront à la fois la robustesse des liens tissés par le régime avec certaines factions cléricales, et l'indépendance qu'ont préservée d'autres réseaux. Entraînant le lecteur dans les mosquées et madrasas syriennes, l'auteur analyse des dynamiques méconnues, comme l'émergence de vastes mouvements éducatifs informels chapeautés par des oulémas mais recrutant dans les facultés séculières, le rôle fondamental des clercs dans le développement des associations de bienfaisance, la défaite historique des savants salafistes face à leurs rivaux traditionalistes ou encore le poids des tribus bédouines au sein de l'élite religieuse alépine. Ce livre constitue donc une lecture indispensable pour qui s'intéresse au présent et à l'avenir de la Syrie.

Ulama --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Middle East --- Political activity --- Ḥizb al-Baʻth al-ʻArabī al-Ishtirākī (Syria) --- Syria --- Syria --- Politics and government --- Politics and government --- Syria --- Political history --- Islam --- Ulama --- 20th-21st century

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History of civilization --- World history --- Beschaving [Westerse ] --- Civilisation occidentale --- Civilization [Occidental ] --- Civilization [Western ] --- Colonialism --- Histoire politique --- International politics --- Internationale politiek --- Occidental civilization --- Political history --- Politics [International ] --- Politics [World ] --- Politiek [Internationale ] --- Politieke geschiedenis --- Politique internationale --- Western civilization --- Westerse beschaving --- Westerse cultuur --- World politics --- International relations --- History --- Hegemony --- 900 --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- wereldgeschiedenis --- geschiedenis algemeen --- histoire généralités