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Das vorliegende Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende und Praktiker des Vermessungswesens, der Geoinformatik und der Kartographie. Es stellt die Beiträge der verschiedenen geodätischen Fachdisziplinen zur topographischen Landesaufnahme gegenüber und fasst ihre Vor- und Nachteile sowie Einsatzmöglichkeiten zusammen. Zugleich gewährt es Interessierten, insbesondere aus den Geowissenschaften, einen Einblick in dieses Fachgebiet. Folgende Themen werden entsprechend ihrer Bedeutung für die Topographie behandelt: Tachymetrie, terrestrische Photogrammetrie, terrestrisches Laserscanning, Aerophotogrammetrie, Aero-Laserscanning, Radar- und Satellitenbildverfahren, topographische Modelle und Informationssysteme, Durchführung und Prüfung topographischer Vermessungen. This textbook for students and practitioners of surveying, geoinformatics and cartography is an introduction into the different recording and presentation methods, describing their advantages, disadvantages and fields of application. The book is also a valuable resource for those studying and working in other fields, especially in earth sciences.

Cartography. --- Geodesy. --- Imaging Systems. --- Photogrammetry. --- Surveying. --- Topography.

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Engineering --- civil engineering --- geodesic engineering --- GIS --- remote sensing and photogrammetry --- construction fields --- Engineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- gis

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In their approach to Earth dynamics the authors consider the fundamentals of Jacobi Dynamics (1987, Reidel) for two reasons. First, because satellite observations have proved that the Earth does not stay in hydrostatic equilibrium, which is the physical basis of today’s treatment of geodynamics. And secondly, because satellite data have revealed a relationship between gravitational moments and the potential of the Earth’s outer force field (potential energy), which is the basis of Jacobi Dynamics. This has also enabled the authors to come back to the derivation of the classical virial theorem and, after introducing the volumetric forces and moments, to obtain a generalized virial theorem in the form of Jacobi’s equation. Thus a physical explanation and rigorous solution was found for the famous Jacobi’s equation, where the measure of the matter interaction is the energy. The main dynamical effects which become understandable by that solution can be summarized as follows: • the kinetic energy of oscillation of the interacting particles which explains the physical meaning and nature of the gravitation forces; • separation of the shell’s rotation of a self-gravitating body with respect to the mass density; difference in angular velocities of the shell rotation; • continuity in changing the potential of the outer gravitational force field together with changes in density distribution of the interacting masses (volumetric center of masses); • the nature of the precession of the Earth, the Moon and satellites; the nature of the rotating body’s magnetic field and the generation of the planet’s electromagnetic field. As a final result, the creation of the bodies in the Solar System having different orbits was discussed. This result is based on the discovery that all the averaged orbital velocities of the bodies in the Solar System and the Sun itself are equal to the first cosmic velocities of their proto-parents during the evolution of their redistributed mass density.  Audience The work is a logical continuation of the book Jacobi Dynamics and is intended for researchers, teachers and students engaged in theoretical and experimental research in various branches of astronomy (astrophysics, celestial mechanics and stellar dynamics and radiophysics), geophysics (physics and dynamics of the Earth’s body, atmosphere and oceans), planetology and cosmogony, and for students of celestial, statistical, quantum and relativistic mechanics and hydrodynamics.

Astrophysics. --- Dynamics. --- Hamilton-Jacobi equations. --- Many-body problem. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Applied Mathematics --- Astronomy - General --- Astrophysics --- Astronomical physics --- Equations, Hamilton-Jacobi --- Equations, Jacobi-Hamilton --- Jacobi-Hamilton equations --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- n-body problem --- Problem of many bodies --- Problem of n-bodies --- Astronomy. --- Physical geography. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Calculus of variations --- Differential equations, Partial --- Hamiltonian systems --- Mechanics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Geography --- Geophysics. --- Remote sensing. --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences

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The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.

Astrophysics. --- Cosmochemistry. --- Planetology. --- Solar system. --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geography-General --- Cartography --- Troposphere --- Tropospheric chemistry. --- Remote sensing --- Measurement. --- Chemistry, Tropospheric --- Geography. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Remote sensing. --- Space sciences. --- Environmental sciences. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Environmental Physics. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Atmosphere --- Physical geography. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Environmental science --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics

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The book collects the lectures delivered during the 7th International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ISSAOS) titled “Integrated Ground-Based Observing Systems Applications for Climate, Meteorology, and Civil Protection”. The book aims to contribute to the scientific understanding of basic concepts and applications of integrated ground-based observing systems. The first part describes most common instrumentations with their strength and limitations; strategic plans for the deployment of an observation site are discussed, together with an overview of techniques for integrating heterogeneous data. The second part introduces cutting-edge applications, including assimilation in numerical weather prediction, climate benchmarking, air quality monitoring, and meteo/hydrological warnings.

Atmosphere -- Remote sensing. --- Oceanography -- Remote sensing. --- Remote sensing --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Cartography --- Geography-General --- Remote sensing. --- Aerial photography in geography. --- Geography, Aerial --- Geography. --- Meteorology. --- Geographical information systems. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Aerology --- Atmospheric science --- Measurement --- Monitoring