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The life and loves of Norman Bethune - Canadian doctor and activist and battlefield surgeon in China during the Japanese invasion of the 1930s.

Surgeons --- General Surgery. --- Surgery --- Surgery, General --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Operating room personnel --- Physicians --- Bethune, Norman, --- Bethune, Norman. --- Canada. --- China. --- Mainland China --- Inner Mongolia --- Manchuria --- People's Republic of China --- Sinkiang --- Pai-chʻiu-en, No-erh-man --- Baiqiuen, Nuoerman --- Bethune, Henry Norman --- Betʹi︠u︡n, Norman --- Pai, Chʻiu-en --- Bai, Qiu'en --- Bai Qiuen --- Qiuen, Bai --- Baiqiuen --- Petyūn̲, Nārman̲

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The paper compares trends in financial integration within Asia with those in industrialized countries and other regional groups. Declines in cross-country dispersion in equity returns and interest rates suggest increased Asian integration, with the process interrupted by crises and global volatility. Cross-border equity and bond holdings have also increased, but Asian countries remain considerably more financially integrated with major countries outside the region than with those within the region. The paper also discusses whether potential benefits of regional financial integration, such as increased risk-sharing and stability of the investor base, have materialized.

Finance --- Regionalism --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Investments: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Economic Integration --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- International Financial Markets --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Financial Crises --- Investment & securities --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Stocks --- Financial crises --- Financial integration --- Stock markets --- Securities --- Financial institutions --- Financial markets --- International finance --- Stock exchanges --- Financial instruments --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China

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Sea-power --- National security --- Homeland defense --- Homeland security --- China. --- Zhongguo ren min jie fang jun hai jun --- Zhongguo ren min hai jun --- China (People's Republic of China, 1949- ). --- People's Liberation Army Navy (China) --- Marine der Volksrepublik China --- Ren min hai jun (China) --- Reorganization. --- China --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Military policy. --- Strategic aspects. --- PLA Navy (China) --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ

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The financial crisis showed, once again, that neglecting real estate booms can have disastrous consequences. In this paper, we spell out the circumstances under which a more active policy agenda on this front would be justified. Then, we offer tentative insights on the pros and cons as well as implementation challenges of various policy tools that can be used to contain the damage to the financial system and the economy from real estate boom-bust episodes.

Business cycles. --- Real property --- Economic policy. --- Banks and banking. --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Real estate business --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Prices. --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Real Estate --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General --- Property & real estate --- Monetary economics --- Housing prices --- Credit --- Real estate prices --- Loans --- Housing --- Prices --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China

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We assess the effectiveness of macroprudential policies against a number of different indicators of property sector activity and financial stability. At the cross-country level the use of LTV caps decelerates property price growth. Both LTV and DTI caps slow property lending growth. LTV caps also affect a broader range of financial stability indicators in economies with pegged exchange rates and currency boards. For Hong Kong SAR, LTV policy tends to be forward looking, with caps lowered to counter downward movements in mortgage rates, and higher growth in mortgage loan and volumes of transactions. The reduction in caps appears to respond to small and medium size flat price appreciation, and contributes to a decline in high-end volume growth after a year and total transactions volume growth after 1½?2 years. Price growth responds favorably after 2 years. The evidence suggests LTV tightening could affect property activity through the expectations channel rather than through the credit channel.

Banks and banking --- Property --- Economics --- Possession (Law) --- Things (Law) --- Wealth --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- State supervision --- Econometric models. --- Prices --- Law and legislation --- Primitive property --- Foreign Exchange --- Real Estate --- Industries: Financial Services --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- Studies of Particular Policy Episodes --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Property & real estate --- Currency boards --- Land prices --- Conventional peg --- Exchange rates --- Housing --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China