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"Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a "universal paper machine" that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business."--Publisher's website.

Catalog cards --- Card catalogs --- Information organization --- History. --- Information storage and retrieval --- Organization of information --- Catalogs, Card --- Library card catalogs --- Cards, Catalog --- Information science --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Library catalogs --- Cataloging --- Equipment and supplies --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Technology --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Library Science --- History --- Documentation and information --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1999

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Anerkanntermaßen stellt das Konzept des Knowledge Management einen entscheidenden Gewinn für den Informationsprofi dar. Management-Theorien betonen immer die wichtige Rolle von Bibliotheken und Bibliothekare in der Praxis von Organisationen (Unternehmen, Städte aber auch die gesamte Gesellschaft). Die in diesem Band enthaltenen Beiträge demonstrieren dies aus der Sicht der Bibliotheken. In diesen Beiträgen werden grundlegende Implikationen des Knowledge Management als zentralem Arbeitsfeld in Bibliotheken diskutiert, Grundsatzfragen und Methoden analysiert und praktische Beispiele untersucht. Unter den Autoren finden sich beispielsweise Larry Prusak, James Matarazzo, Michael Koenig, Rafael Capurro, Susan Henczel, Irene Wormell und Rainer Kuhlen. Das Buch vereint 18 wichtige Texte zum Thema: z. B. aus IFLA-Workshops und -Konferenzen, aber auch aus anderen Quellen, wie beispielsweise der SLA (Special Libraries Association). It is a widely accepted that Knowledge Management constitutes a key asset for the information professional. Management theory has always pointed to the fact that libraries and librarians in particular play an important role in an organization (be it an enterprise, a city, or a society as a whole). The papers collected in this volume demonstrate why and how - from the libraries' perspective. They discuss some fundamental implications of Knowledge Management as a key activity area for libraries, analyse key issues and instruments and give some best practice examples. Among the contributing authors the reader will find Larry Prusak, James Matarazzo, Michael Koenig, Rafael Capurro, Susan Henczel, Irene Wormell and Rainer Kuhlen. The book brings together eighteen important texts for the topic not only from IFLA workshops and conferences but also from other sources such as the SLA (Special Libraries Association). The inclusion of several original contributions makes this reader essential for all concerned with the future role of the library in business and society.

Information services --- Knowledge management --- Organizational learning --- Information organization --- libraries --- Management by objectives --- Knowledge based systems --- information systems --- library sciences --- Documentation --- training programmes --- Information retrieval --- Theory of knowledge --- Library management --- Library administration --- Libraries --- Bibliothèques --- Gestion des connaissances --- Communication systems --- Administration --- Systèmes de Communication --- 002 --- 65.012.4 --- 02 --- 02 Bibliotheekwezen --- Bibliotheekwezen --- 002 Informatieverzorging i. v. m. documentatie --- Informatieverzorging i. v. m. documentatie --- 65.012.4 Management. Directorate. Technique and methods of management --- Management. Directorate. Technique and methods of management --- Learning organizations --- Learning --- Communities of practice --- Management of knowledge assets --- Management --- Information technology --- Intellectual capital --- Data collection services --- Information brokers --- Information centers --- Information science service organizations --- Information service providers --- Providers of information services --- Information science --- Research --- Information storage and retrieval --- Organization of information --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Information services. --- Knowledge management. --- Organizational learning. --- Information organization.

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This book examines the techniques and applications involved in the Web Mining, Web Personalization and Recommendation and Web Community Analysis domains, including a detailed presentation of the principles, developed algorithms, and systems of the research in these areas. The applications of web mining, and the issue of how to incorporate web mining into web personalization and recommendation systems are also reviewed. Additionally, the volume explores web community mining and analysis to find the structural, organizational and temporal developments of web communities and reveal the societal sense of individuals or communities. The volume will benefit both academic and industry communities interested in the techniques and applications of web search, web data management, web mining and web knowledge discovery, as well as web community and social network analysis.

Data mining. --- Internet research. --- Social networks. --- Web databases. --- Internet searching --- Data mining --- Information retrieval --- Online social networks --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Social Sciences --- Library & Information Science --- Computer Science --- Web usage mining. --- Networking, Social --- Networks, Social --- Social networking --- Social support systems --- Support systems, Social --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Analysis, Web usage --- Analytics, Web --- Mining, Web usage --- Web analytics --- Web usage analysis --- Computer science. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Interpersonal relations --- Cliques (Sociology) --- Microblogs --- Database searching --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Informatics --- Science --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Application software. --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Information organization. --- Information retrieval. --- Data retrieval --- Data storage --- Discovery, Information --- Information discovery --- Information storage and retrieval --- Retrieval of information --- Documentation --- Information science --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Organization of information

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This book constitutes the proceedings of three International Conferences, NeCoM 2011, on Networks & Communications, WeST 2011, on Web and Semantic Technology, and WiMoN 2011, on Wireless and Mobile Networks, jointly held in Chennai, India, in July 2011. The 74 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address all technical and practical aspects of networks and communications in wireless and mobile networks dealing with issues such as network protocols and wireless networks, data communication technologies, and network security; they present knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of the Web and semantic technologies; as well as current research on wireless and mobile communications, networks, protocols and on wireless and mobile security.

Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Telecommunications --- Information Technology --- Computer Science (Hardware & Networks) --- Computer networks --- Computer security --- Security measures --- Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Software engineering. --- Algorithms. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Software Engineering. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Foundations --- Distributed processing --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Computer software. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Information organization. --- Information retrieval. --- Data retrieval --- Data storage --- Discovery, Information --- Information discovery --- Information storage and retrieval --- Retrieval of information --- Documentation --- Information science --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Organization of information

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Conferences on e-Technologies and Networks for Development, ICeND 2011, held in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, in August 2011. The 29 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 90 initial submissions. The papers address new advances in the internet technologies, networking, e-learning, software applications, Computer Systems, and digital information and data communications technologies - as well technical as practical aspects.

Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Technological innovations. --- Digital electronics. --- Digital circuits --- Digital techniques (Electronics) --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Software engineering. --- Database management. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Software Engineering. --- Database Management. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Distributed processing --- Electronics --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Information organization. --- Information retrieval. --- Data retrieval --- Data storage --- Discovery, Information --- Information discovery --- Information storage and retrieval --- Retrieval of information --- Documentation --- Information science --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Organization of information