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Il s’agit d’une histoire du marxisme (et non d’une relecture ou d’une réinterprétation de la pensée de Marx) qui relance un débat nécessaire parmi les amis de Karl Marx et les penseurs qui se réclament du marxisme – deux catégories qui sont loin de se recouvrir. En effet, Marx et le marxisme n’ont pas grand-chose à voir. En France, il s’agit d’une problématique qui, pour rester très minoritaire n’est pas totalement inconnue. Parler du marxisme au singulier est sûrement abusif. Il y a des marxismes, souvent très différents et parfois radicalement opposés. Preve en fait le constat. Mais alors que les études marxologiques habituellement classifient les courants du marxisme en fonction des présuppositions théoriques ou des interprétations et réinterprétations de Marx, Preve tente d’appliquer au marxisme la méthode de Marx lui-même, c’est-à-dire la compréhension de la genèse sociale des catégories de la pensée. Malgré une œuvre déjà fort consistante qui fait de lui un des penseurs italiens importants parmi ceux qui se sont mis « à l’école de Marx », Costanzo Preve reste presque inconnu en France. La traduction en français et la publication de la Storia Critica del marxismo, parue en 2007, vient donc combler ce manque à l’heure où la crise favorise un sensible retour à Marx.

Communism --- Communisme --- History --- Philosophy --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Marx, Karl, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Marxism --- Criticism and interpretation.

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Economic order --- Democracy --- Socialism --- History --- Sweden --- Norway --- Politics and government --- Social policy. --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory

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Communism. --- Communism and society. --- Marxian sociology --- Society and communism --- Socialism and society --- Sociology --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Communism --- History

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This is a posthumous collection of essays in political philosophy by G.A. Cohen. Part I asks what egalitarians have most reason to equalize. Part II considers the relationship between freedom and property. Part III reflects upon ideal theory and political practice.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Political science --- Social justice --- Capitalism --- Communism --- Distributive justice --- Equality --- Philosophy --- Justice --- Political philosophy --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Wealth --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Political science - Philosophy

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Amidst a capitalist crisis that has upturned mainstream orthodoxies, this volume underscores the importance of historical and materialist understandings of capitalist economies. Thus, fundamentally, it exposes the limitations of neoclassical economics' endogenous growth theory and how it, in fact, gropes for understandings well established within Marxism. It goes on to examine the relationship between the 'real' economy and 'finance', and also examines how mainstream accounts of stagnation and financialization suffer from an inability to distinguish between productive and unproductive labour. A related study of the financialization of the Turkish economy dovetails this analysis. The volume also questions the current understanding of the information economy and the value of knowledge on a Marxist basis. Finally, an historical re-examination of the Great Depression in light of the current Great Recession, throws new light on modern capitalisms crisis tendencies. The volume concludes with a critique of Lenin's economics, serving also to remind the reader that he is the only world leader who had deeply studied his own country's economy before eventually becoming its leader.

Economic schools --- Capitalism. --- Socialism. --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Social Science --- Sociology. --- Urban communities. --- Marxian economics. --- Dialectical materialism. --- Economic history. --- Sociology --- Urban. --- General. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Materialism, Dialectical --- Philosophy, Marxist --- Socialism --- Marxist economics --- Schools of economics