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Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are an important instrument for the protection of foreign direct investment (FDI). However, compared to international trade law, international investment law has so far received only little research attention from an economic point of view. By applying a law and economics approach, Jan Peter Sasse provides a systematic analysis of the way BITs function. He explains why BITs are more than just a signal, how they relate to institutional competition as well as to institutional quality and why transparency in international investment arbitration is hard to achieve and may even be detrimental.

Investments, Foreign -- Law and legislation. --- Investments. --- Technology transfer. --- Treaties. --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Accounting --- Investments, Foreign --- Law --- Treaties --- Law and legislation. --- Economic aspects. --- Agreements, International --- Conventions (Treaties) --- International agreements --- Law and legislation --- Business. --- Tax accounting. --- Tax laws. --- Economics. --- Management science. --- Business and Management. --- Business Taxation/Tax Law. --- Economics, general. --- International law --- International obligations --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Taxes. --- Academic thesis. --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Institutional Taxes --- Tax --- Institutional Tax --- Tax, Institutional --- Taxes, Institutional --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Tax laws --- Tax legislation --- Tax regulations

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Unimaginable until the twentieth century, the clinical practice of transferring eggs and sperm from body to body is now the basis of a bustling market. In Sex Cells, Rene Almeling provides an inside look at how egg agencies and sperm banks do business. Although both men and women are usually drawn to donation for financial reasons, Almeling finds that clinics encourage sperm donors to think of the payments as remuneration for an easy "job." Women receive more money but are urged to regard egg donation in feminine terms, as the ultimate "gift" from one woman to another. Sex Cells shows how the gendered framing of paid donation, as either a job or a gift, not only influences the structure of the market, but also profoundly affects the individuals whose genetic material is being purchased.

Artificial insemination, Human - Economic aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human -- Economic aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human - Moral and ethical aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human -- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Infertility - Treatment - Economic aspects. --- Infertility -- Treatment -- Economic aspects. --- Surrogate motherhood - Economic aspects. --- Surrogate motherhood -- Economic aspects. --- Artificial insemination, Human --- Infertility --- Surrogate motherhood --- Biological Specimen Banks --- Reproductive Techniques --- Reproductive Techniques, Assisted --- Insemination --- Persons --- Social Sciences --- Health Facilities --- Therapeutics --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Named Groups --- Reproduction --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Investigative Techniques --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Health Care --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Sperm Banks --- Insemination, Artificial --- Tissue Donors --- Economics --- Sociology & Social History --- Family & Marriage --- Economic aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Treatment --- Sperm Banks. --- Tissue Donors. --- Economic aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- economics. --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Factors --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Factors, Economic --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Economic Factor --- Factor, Economic --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Donors --- Ovum Donors --- Semen Donors --- Transplant Donors --- Organ Donors --- Donor --- Donor, Organ --- Donor, Ovum --- Donor, Semen --- Donor, Tissue --- Donor, Transplant --- Donors, Organ --- Donors, Ovum --- Donors, Semen --- Donors, Tissue --- Donors, Transplant --- Organ Donor --- Ovum Donor --- Semen Donor --- Tissue Donor --- Transplant Donor --- Eutelegenesis --- Artificial Insemination --- Artificial Inseminations --- Eutelegeneses --- Inseminations, Artificial --- Bank, Sperm --- Banks, Sperm --- Sperm Bank --- Physiology, Reproductive and Urinary --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomena --- Reproductive Physiologic Concepts --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive Physiological Process --- Reproductive Physiological Concepts --- Concept, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concept, Reproductive Physiological --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomena, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomenon, Reproductive Physiological --- Physiologic Concept, Reproductive --- Physiologic Concepts, Reproductive --- Physiological Concept, Reproductive --- Physiological Process, Reproductive --- Physiological Processes, Reproductive --- Process, Reproductive Physiological --- Processes, Reproductive Physiological --- Reproductive Physiologic Concept --- Reproductive Physiological Concept --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Human Reproductive Index --- Human Reproductive Indexes --- Reproductive Period --- Human Reproductive Indices --- Index, Human Reproductive --- Indexes, Human Reproductive --- Indices, Human Reproductive --- Period, Reproductive --- Periods, Reproductive --- Reproductive Index, Human --- Reproductive Indices, Human --- Reproductive Periods --- Therapy --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Facilities, Health --- Facility, Health --- Health Facility --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Person --- Inseminations --- Assisted Reproductive Technics --- Assisted Reproductive Techniques --- Reproductive Technology, Assisted --- Assisted Reproductive Technic --- Assisted Reproductive Technique --- Assisted Reproductive Technologies --- Assisted Reproductive Technology --- Reproductive Technic, Assisted --- Reproductive Technics, Assisted --- Reproductive Technique, Assisted --- Reproductive Technologies, Assisted --- Technic, Assisted Reproductive --- Technics, Assisted Reproductive --- Technique, Assisted Reproductive --- Techniques, Assisted Reproductive --- Technologies, Assisted Reproductive --- Technology, Assisted Reproductive --- Reproduction Technics --- Reproduction Techniques --- Reproductive Technologies --- Technology, Reproductive --- Reproductive Technology --- Reproduction Technic --- Reproduction Technique --- Reproductive Technique --- Technic, Reproduction --- Technics, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproduction --- Technique, Reproductive --- Techniques, Reproduction --- Techniques, Reproductive --- Technologies, Reproductive --- Bank, Biological Specimen --- Bank, Biological Substance --- Banks, Biological Specimen --- Banks, Biological Substance --- Biological Specimen Bank --- Biological Substance Bank --- Specimen Bank, Biological --- Specimen Banks, Biological --- Substance Bank, Biological --- Substance Banks, Biological --- Biological Substance Banks --- Involuntary childlessness --- Sterility --- Sterility in humans --- Donor insemination, Human --- Human artificial insemination --- Human donor insemination --- therapy --- Tissue and Organ Procurement --- Transplantation --- Tissue Transplantation --- Directed Tissue Donation --- Transplant Donor Site --- Semen --- Semen Preservation --- Spermatozoa --- Selective Breeding --- Reproductive Medicine --- Reproductive Health Services --- Human reproductive technology --- Motherhood --- Childlessness --- Generative organs --- Fertility, Human --- Sterilization (Birth control) --- Diseases --- Treatment&delete& --- E-books --- Economics. --- 21st century medicine. --- anthropology and health. --- creating a family. --- economic sociology. --- egg agencies. --- egg donation. --- egg donors. --- ethics and reproductive medicine. --- gender studies. --- genetic donor. --- genetic material. --- health and ethics. --- history of medicine. --- in vitro fertilization. --- infertility. --- medical sociology. --- medicine and business. --- motherhood and fatherhood. --- parenthood. --- reproductive medicine and technology. --- reproductive strategies. --- sociology of marriage and family. --- sperm banks. --- sperm donation. --- sperm donors.