Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Against the backdrop of agreement that global coordinated action is needed to prevent dangerous climate change, individual countries are thinking through the implications of climate action for their economies and people. The rest of the report is organized along the following lines. The next section provides background on Poland's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Then section B sets out Poland's existing carbon abatement targets and key policy challenges related to GHG mitigation. The next section summarizes the innovative methodological approach used by the report. Section D discusses the methods and implications of constructing business-as-usual or reference scenarios. Section E provides the major findings from the first model, the engineering approach, on the costs of measures aimed at GHG mitigation for Poland. Section F explains how these findings are expanded and revised by incorporation into the first macroeconomic model. Section G provides an analysis of the economic impact through 2020 of mitigation measures within the constraints of European Union (EU) policy arrangements. Section H examines the energy sector and how Section E's findings are enhanced by optimization of the structure of the energy sector. Section I takes a first look at the challenges of energy efficiency. Section J provides additional analysis of the transport sector. The last section provides some notes on additional issues and further work.

Adaptation to Climate Change --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Emissions --- Carbon Intensity --- Carbon Taxes --- Clean Energy --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Economics --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Coral Reefs --- Deforestation --- Economic Costs --- Economic Recovery --- Electricity --- Emission Reductions --- Emissions --- Employment --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Intensity --- Energy Policy --- Energy Production --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Security --- Energy Supply --- Environment --- Extreme Weather Events --- Feasibility --- Financial Crisis --- Financial Services --- Floods --- Fossil Fuels --- Fuel Prices --- Global Warming --- Greenhouse Gases --- Gross Domestic Product --- Hurricanes --- Hydrofluorocarbons --- Land-Use Change --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Market Economy --- Methane --- Natural Gas --- Nuclear Power --- Power Generation --- Power Plants --- Power Sector --- Precipitation --- Rainfall --- Renewable Energy --- Revenue Recycling --- Temperature --- Transport

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The global financial roller coaster, with the Euro zone as its lead car, has hit economic prospects across the globe. The South African economy, with its close links to the world economy, has suffered, too, resulting in weakened growth prospects, lower fiscal revenues, lower and more volatile valuation of the rand, and dampened external financing. This further compounds the policy challenges facing the authorities, on top of their preoccupation with unyielding unemployment, which requires higher and more inclusive economic growth. Policymaking is also conditioned by a growing recognition that future growth needs to be less carbon-intensive. As elsewhere, opportunities in green economies are viewed with keen interest, as a way of simultaneously targeting a cleaner environment and stimulating innovation, growth, and job creation. While green policies can have large synergies and co-benefits with the growth and employment agenda, they are not a substitute for it. Indeed, such synergies are likely to be mutually enhancing and larger when the growth and environment objectives are being pursued by multiple, well-targeted and coordinated policies.

Agricultural Subsidies --- Agriculture --- Air Pollution --- Bonds --- Capital Costs --- Capital Markets --- Carbon Emissions --- Carbon Intensity --- Clean Air --- Clean Water --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Coal --- Commercial Banks --- Consumers --- Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Debt --- Deforestation --- Developed Countries --- Economic Conditions and Volatility --- Economic Costs --- Economic Forecasting --- Economic Growth --- Economic Recovery --- Economies of Scale --- Electricity --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Intensity --- Energy Production --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Subsidies --- Energy Supply --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Policy --- Environmental Regulation --- Exchange Rates --- Expenditures --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Sector --- Financial Services --- Fiscal Policy --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Fossil Fuels --- Gdp --- Green Issues --- Greenhouse Gases --- Gross National Income --- Household Consumption --- Human Capital --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Monetary Policy --- Natural Gas --- Nuclear Power --- Power Generation --- Power Plants --- Property Rights --- Purchasing Power --- Recycling --- Renewable Energy --- Risk Aversion --- Supply Side --- Trade Barriers --- Trade Policy --- Unemployment